Pennsylvania ( Ã, ( listen ) ; PEN -sil- VAY -nee-uh ; Pennsylvania Germany: Pennsylvaani or Pennsilfaani ), officially Commonwealth of Pennsylvania , is a country located in the northeast and Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Appalachian mountains flow through the middle. The Commonwealth borders Delaware in the southeast, Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, Lake Erie and the province of Ontario in Canada to the northwest, New York to the north, and New Jersey to the east..
Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest state by region, and the sixth most populous state according to the latest official US census count in 2010. It is the 9th most populous population of 50 states. Pennsylvania two densest cities are Philadelphia (1,567,872), and Pittsburgh (303,625). The state capital, and its ninth largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles (225 km) from the seaside along Lake Erie and Delaware Muara.
The State is one of the original 13 founding states of the United States; it appeared in 1681 as a result of a royal land grant for William Penn, the son of the country's name. Part of Pennsylvania (along the Delaware River), along with the State of Delaware, had previously been organized as the New Sweden Colony. It was the second country to ratify the Constitution of the United States on 12 December 1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution was drafted, is located in the largest city of Philadelphia state. During the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg fought in the south central region of the country. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washington's headquarters during the winter of 1777-78.
Video Pennsylvania
Geography
Pennsylvania is 170 miles (274 km) north to south and 283 miles (455 km) from east to west. Of the total 46,055 square miles (119,282 km 2 ), 44,817 square miles (116,075 km 2 ) are land, 490 square miles (1,269 km 2 ) are inland waters, and 749 square miles (1,940 km 2 ) are the waters of Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States. Pennsylvania has 51 miles (82 km) of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles (92 km) of coastline along Delaware Muara.
The country's boundaries are the Mason-Dixon line (39 ° 43 'N) to the south, the Twelve Mile Circle on the Pennsylvania-Delaware border, the Delaware River to the east, 80  ° 31' W to the west and 42Ã, ° LU at north, with the exception of a short segment at the west end, where a triangle extends northward to Lake Erie.
Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh to the southwest, tri-city of Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton in the middle east (known as the Lehigh Valley). In the northeast includes former anthracite coal mining community Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City (Greater Pittston), and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest. Williamsport serves as the midst of a commonwealth country, with York and the state capital of Harrisburg on the Susquehanna River in the east-central Commonwealth and Altoona and Johnstown regions in the mid-west.
The state has five areas, namely Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and Erie Plain.
Nearby countries and provinces
- New York (North)
- Ontario (Canada Province; Northwest)
- Maryland (South)
- Delaware (Southeast)
- West Virginia (Southwest)
- New Jersey (East)
- Ohio (West)
Maps Pennsylvania
Climate
The diverse topography of Pennsylvania also produces a variety of climates, although the whole country experiences winter and humid summers. Straddling two major zones, the majority of states, with the exception of the southeast corner, have a humid continental climate (Climate classification KÃÆ'¶ppen Dfa ). The largest city, Philadelphia, has several characteristics of humid subtropical climate (KÃÆ'¶ppen Cfa ) covering most of Delaware and Maryland in the south.
Moving toward the interior of the mountainous country, winter climates become colder, the number of cloudy days increases, and the amount of snow falls larger. The Western region of the state, especially the location near Lake Erie, can receive more than 100 inches (250 cm) of snowfall each year, and the entire state receives abundant rainfall throughout the year. The country may experience bad weather from spring to summer to autumn. Tornadoes occur every year in the state, sometimes in large numbers, such as 30 tornadoes recorded in 2011; in general, this is not really damaging.
History
Historically, the tribes believed to have lived in Pennsylvania in 1600 were Algonquian Lenape (also Delaware), Iroquoian Susquehannock & amp; Petun (also Tionontati, Kentatentonga, Tobacco, Wenro) & amp; Presumably the Culture of Siouan Monongahela, which may be the same as the lesser known tribe called Calicua, or Cali. Other tribes that entered the area during the colonial era were Trockwae, Tutelo, Saponi, Shawnee, Nanticoke, Conoy Piscataway, Iroquois Confederacy - probably among others.
Other tribes, such as Erie, may have held land in Pennsylvania, but no longer do so in 1600.
17th century
Both the Dutch and British claim the two sides of the Delaware River as part of their colonial land in America. The Netherlands was the first to master.
On 3 June 1631, the Dutch began to settle on Delmarva Peninsula by establishing the Zwaanendael Colony at the present location of Lewes, Delaware. In 1638, Sweden established the New Sweden Colony, in the Fort Christina region, at the site of Wilmington, Delaware today. New Sweden claimed and, for the most part, controlled the lower Delaware River region (part of the current Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania) but settled some colonies there.
On March 12, 1664, King Charles II of England gave James, a Duke of York grant that incorporated all the land belonging to the original Plymouth Grant Company of Plymouth plus other lands. This grant is contrary to the Dutch claim for New Netherland, which is part of today's Pennsylvania.
On June 24, 1664, the Duke of York sold part of its large grant including New Jersey now to John Berkeley and George Carteret to a colony of ownership. The land is not yet in British possession, but its sales are in the New Netherland section on the western side of the Delaware River. The British conquest in New Netherland began on 29 August 1664, when New Amsterdam was forced to surrender while facing a cannon on British ships in New York Harbor. This conquest continued, and was completed in October 1664, when the British captured Fort Casimir in what is now New Castle, Delaware.
The Breda peace between England, France and the Netherlands justified the conquest of England on 21 July 1667, despite a temporary setback.
On September 12, 1672, as part of the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch conquered New York Colony/New Amsterdam, the Netherlands established three District Courts which later became the original District in Delaware and Pennsylvania today. Which then moved to Pennsylvania is the Highlands. This was partially reversed on 9 February 1674, when the Treaty of Westminster ended the Third Anglo-Dutch War, and restored all political situations to the status quo ante bellum. The British maintained the Dutch District with their Dutch names. On June 11, 1674, New York reasserted control of a remote colony, including Upland, but the names began to be converted into English names on November 11, 1674. The highlands were partitioned on 12 November 1674, generating a general outline of the border flows between Pennsylvania and Delaware.
On February 28, 1681, Charles II granted the land charter to William Penn to repay a debt of £ 16,000 (approximately £ 2,100,000 in 2008, adjusted for retail inflation) paid to William's father, Admiral William Penn. This is one of the largest land grants for an individual in history. The king named it Pennsylvania (literally "Penn's Woods") in honor of the Admiral. Penn, the son, who wanted him to be called New Wales, and then Sylvania (from Latin silva : "forest, forest"), was embarrassed by the change, afraid that people would think he had called it himself, but King Charles will not change the name of the grant. Penn established a government with two copied innovations in the New World: regional commissions and freedom of religious beliefs.
What has been done by Upland about what became the Pennsylvania side of the Pennsylvania-Delaware Border was renamed to Chester County when Pennsylvania instituted their colonial government on March 4, 1681. Quaker leader William Penn has signed a peace treaty with Tammany, the tribal Delaware leader, long period of friendly relations between the Quakers and the Indians. Additional agreements between Quaker and other tribes were followed. William Penn's agreement has never been violated.
18th century
Between 1730 and when it was closed by Parliament with the Currency Act of 1764, the Pennsylvania Colonists made their own banknotes to account for the true lack of gold and silver. The notes are called Colonial Scripts. The colony issues a "credit bill", which is as good as a gold or silver coin because of their legitimate tender status. Since they are issued by the government and not a banking institution, it is an interest-free proposition, largely funding the government and hence the taxation of society. It also promotes public works and prosperity, because the Government uses wisdom and does not spend too much to inflame the currency. Benjamin Franklin has a hand in creating this currency, which he says his utility is never disputed, and it also meets with Adam Smith's "cautious consent."
James Smith writes that in 1763, "the Indians began to begin enmity, and were busy engaged in the killing and destruction of the border population in different parts of Pennsylvania." Furthermore, "This country is a Quaker government, and in this first war the border received no aid from the state." The ensuing animosity is known as Pontiac's War.
After the Stamps Law Congress of 1765, John Dickinson's Delegation from Philadelphia wrote the Declaration of Rights and Complaints . Congress is the first meeting of the Thirteen Colonies, called upon the request of the Massachusetts Assembly, but only nine colonies are sending delegates. Dickinson later wrote a Letter from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, For British Colonies, published in the Pennsylvania Chronicle between December 2, 1767, and February 15, 1768.
When the Founding Fathers of the United States gathered in Philadelphia in 1774, 12 colonies sent representatives to the First Continental Congress. The Second Continental Congress, also meeting in Philadelphia (May 1775), compiled and signed the Declaration of Independence in Philadelphia, but when the city was captured by Britain, the Continental Congress fled westward, meeting at the Lancaster court on Saturday 27 September 1777, and then to York. There they and their lead author, John Dickinson, drew up a Confederate Budget that formed 13 independent colonies into a new state. Then, the Constitution was written, and Philadelphia was once again chosen to be the cradle for the new American Nation. The Constitution was drafted and signed at the Pennsylvania State House, now known as Independence Hall, and the same building where the Declaration of Independence was signed.
Pennsylvania became the first major state, and the second country to ratify the US Constitution on 12 December 1787, five days after Delaware became the first. At that time it was the most ethical and religious of the Thirteen Colonies. As a third of the Pennsylvania population speaks German, the Constitution is presented in German to include the citizens in the discussions. Reverend Frederick Muhlenberg acts as the chair of the ratifying state convention.
Dickinson College of Carlisle is the first college founded in the United States. Founded in 1773, the college was ratified five days after the Paris Treaty on September 9, 1783. The school was founded by Benjamin Rush and was named after John Dickinson.
For half a century, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth (legislature) meets in various places in the general Philadelphia area before beginning to meet regularly at Independence Hall in Philadelphia for 63 years. But it requires a more central location, such as the slaughter of Paxton Boys 1763 has made the legislative conscious. So, in 1799 the General Assembly moved to the Lancaster Court House, and finally in 1812 to Harrisburg.
19th century
The General Assembly met in the old Dauphin County Courthouse until December 1821, when the Federal-style "Capitol Capitol" (named for its builder, Stephen Hills, a Lancaster architect) was built on land set aside four acres set aside for the central government part by future son, entrepreneur and namesake John Harris, Sr., a Yorkshire native who had established a trading post in 1705 and a ferry (1733) on the east coast of the Susquehanna River. The Capitol Hills were burned on February 2, 1897, during heavy snow storms, possibly due to a false suggestion. The General Assembly meets at the Grace Methodist Church on State Street (still standing) until a new building can be built. After the accused architectural election contest has been "rigged", Chicago architect Henry Ives Cobb is charged with designing and building a replacement building; however, the legislature has little money to allocate to the project, and a rather rough and ready-made industrial building (Cobb Capitol) has been completed. The General Assembly refused to occupy the building. Political rage and popular in 1901 prompted a second contest restricted to Pennsylvania architects, and Joseph Miller Huston of Philadelphia was chosen to design the present Pennsylvania State Capitol that incorporates Cobb buildings into a remarkably finished and dedicated public work in 1907.
The new Capitol country draws warm reviews. The dome is inspired by the dome of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome and the Capitol of the United States. President Theodore Roosevelt called it "The country's most beautiful capital city" and said, "This is the most handsome building I've ever seen" in his devotion. In 1989, The New York Times praised it as "great, even admirable at times, but also a work building, accessible to the people... a building connected to the reality of everyday life ".
James Buchanan, Franklin County, the only bachelor of the President of the United States, is the only one born in Pennsylvania. The Battle of Gettysburg - a major turning point of the Civil War - takes place near Gettysburg. An estimated 350,000 Pennsylvanians served on Union Army forces including 8,600 African American military volunteers.
Pennsylvania is also home to the first commercially drilled oil well. In 1859, near Titusville, Pennsylvania, Edwin Drake managed to drill a well, which caused the first major oil explosion in US history.
20th century
At the beginning of the 20th century, Pennsylvania's economy centered on steel production, logging, coal mining, textile production and various forms of industrial manufacturing. The surge of immigration to the US during the late 19th and early 20th centuries provided a stream of cheap labor for these industries that often employ children and non-English speakers.
In 1923 President Calvin Coolidge established the Allegheny National Forest under the authority of the 1911 Week Act in the northwestern states of Elk, Forest, McKean, and Warren County for timber production and watershed protection in the Allegheny River basin. Allegheny is the country's only national forest.
21st century
Demographics
The US Census Bureau estimates that the Pennsylvania population is 12,802,503 on July 1, 2015, an increase of 0.79% since the 2010 US Census. In earlier estimates, the state was 78.8% Non-Hispanic White, 11.4% Black or African Americans, 0.3% Native Americans, 3.0% Asian, 0.1% Hawaiian and Pacific Island Other, 1.7% Two or More Races, and 6.1% Hispanic or Latino.
Of the people living in Pennsylvania, 74.5% were born in Pennsylvania, 18.4% were born in different US states, 1.5% born Puerto Rico, US Island territory, or born overseas to American parents (US), and 5.6% are foreign born.
According to the Census 2010, 81.9% of the population is White (79.2% non-Hispanic whites), 11.3% are Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaskan Native, 2.9% Asian, 1 , 9% of two or more races. 5.9% of the total population is of Hispanic or Latino descent (they may be any race).
In 2011, 32.1% of Pennsylvania's population younger than age one was a minority.
Pennsylvania Hispanic population grew by 82.6% between 2000 and 2010, making it one of the largest increases in the country's Hispanic population. The significant growth of the Hispanic population is due to immigration to a country primarily from Puerto Rico, which is a US territory, but to a lesser extent than countries like the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and various Central and South American countries, as well as from the Hispanic waves leaving New York and New Jersey to live safer and more affordable. The Asian population swelled nearly 60%, driven by immigration from India, Vietnam, and China, as well as many Asian transplants moving to Philadelphia from New York. The rapid growth of this community has given Pennsylvania one of the largest Asian populations in the country with numerical values. The Black and African American population grew by 13%, which is the largest increase in the population among state counterparts (New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Illinois, and Michigan). The White Population declined 0.7%, a trend that began to reverse itself. Twelve other states see a decline in their white population. The State of Pennsylvania has a high blacks and Hispanic migration from other nearby countries, with the eastern and south-central parts of the country seeing most of the increase.
Pennsylvania's population center is located in Perry County, in the Duncannon district.
By 2018, Pennsylvania has an estimated population of 12,823,989, an increase of 18,452 from a year earlier and an increase of 121,610 since 2010. Net migration to other countries resulted in a 27.718 decline, and immigration from other countries resulted in an increase of 127,007. Net migration to Commonwealth is 98.289. The genuine Pennsylvanians population migration resulted in a decline of 100,000 people. From 2008 to 2012, 5.8% of the population was born overseas. The country has an estimated poverty rate of 2017 of 13.2%. The state also has the highest proportion of the elderly population (65) in 2005.
Citizens of Pennsylvanians born overseas mostly came from Asia (36.0%), Europe (35.9%), and Latin America (30.6%), with the rest from Africa (5%), North America (3 , 1%), and Oceania (0.4%).
The majority of Hispanics in Pennsylvania are of Puerto Rican descent, owning one of the largest and fastest growing Puerto Rico populations in the country. Most of the remaining Hispanic population consists of Mexicans and Dominicans. Most of Hispanics are concentrated in Philadelphia, Lehigh Valley and South Central Pennsylvania. The reported Pennsylvania Hispanic populations, especially among the Black race, have risen sharply in recent years. The largest Hispanic population in Bethlehem, Allentown, Reading, Lancaster, York, and around Philadelphia. It is unclear how much this change reflects the changing population and how much it reflects an increased willingness to identify themselves minority status. As of 2010, it is estimated that about 85% of all Hispanics in Pennsylvania live within a radius of 150 miles (240 km) of Philadelphia, with about 20% living within the city itself.
Of the black population, most in the state are African Americans, who became descendants of African slaves brought to the southern US during the colonial era. There are also a growing number of blacks from western India, Africa, and Hispanics recently. Most blacks live in areas of Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and South Central Pennsylvania, among other areas. Whites are the majority of Pennsylvania, they are mostly from German, Irish, Italian, and English immigrants, among others. The rural parts of Central South Philadelphia are nationally renowned for the famous Amish community. The "Wyoming Valley" or Scranton/Wilkes-Barre Metropolitan Area has a great white concentration. In fact, it has the highest percentage of the white population than any other metropolitan area in the US with 96.2% of the population claiming to be white without a Hispanic background.
The Pennsylvania population is reported to be 5.9% below 5 and 23.8% below 18 years, with 15.6% being 65 years or older. Women comprise 52% of the population. The largest ancestral group is listed below, expressed as a percentage of total people responding with a particular ancestor to the 2010 census:
- 28.5% Germany
- 18.2% Ireland
- 12.8% Italian
- 9.6% African Americans
- 8.5% English
- 7.2% Polish language
- 4.2% Canadian French
Birth data
Note: Births in the tables do not increase, as Hispanic people are well-regarded by their ethnicities and by their race, giving a higher overall figure.
- Since 2016, Hispanic Hispanic data are not collected, but are included in a group of Hispanic ; Hispanic people may come from any race.
Languages ​​
In 2010, 90.15% (10,710,239) of Pennsylvania's 5 and older residents spoke English at home as the primary language, while 4.09% (486,058) spoke Spanish, 0.87% (103,502) German ( including Pennsylvania Netherlands) and 0.47% (56,052) Chinese (including Chinese) from populations over the age of five. In total, 9.85% (1,170,628) Pennsylvania residents age 5 and older spoke mother tongues other than English.
German Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Germany often - though misleading - is called "Pennsylvania Dutch". The term "Dutch" is used to mean "German" (including Dutch), before the Latin name for them replaces it (but stuck with the Dutch). When referring to the language spoken by the Pennsylvania people of the Netherlands (Pennsylvania Germany) it means "German" or "Teutonic" rather than "Dutch". The Germans, in their own language, call themselves "Deutsch", (Pennsylvania German: "Deitsch"). German language Pennsylvania is of German descent, in Middle Eastern Central German dialect family. It's closest to the German Palatine. Pennsylvania Germany is still very strong as the first language between the Old Order of the Amish and the Old Order of Mennonite (especially in the Lancaster County region), whereas it is almost extinct as a colloquial language outside the ordinary community, although some words have shifted to English usage.
Religion
Of all the colonies, only Rhode Island has such safe religious freedom in Pennsylvania. Voltaire, writing of William Penn in 1733, observes: "The new government also endorses some wise and healthy laws for its colony, which remain the same to this day, the head is, not to treat people because of religion, and to consider as brothers of all believers on one God. "One result of this unusual freedom is the vast diversity of religions, which continues to this day.
The population of Pennsylvania in 2010 was 12,702,379. Of these, 6,838,440 (53.8%) are thought to belong to some organized religion. According to the Association of Religious Data Archives (ARDA) at Pennsylvania State University, the largest religion in Pennsylvania by its adherents is the Roman Catholic Church with 3,503,028 followers, United Methodist Church with 591,734 members, and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America with 501,974 members..
The third largest single denomination is the Presbyterian Church (USA) with 250,000 members and 1,011 congregations. Pennsylvania, especially the western part and the Pittsburgh area has one of the highest Presbyterian percentages in the country. The Presbyterian Church in America also has 112 congregations and 23,000 adherents, the EPC has about 50 congregations, as well as the ECO. The next largest Protestant denomination, United Church of Christ, has 180,000 members and 627 congregations. American Baptist Churches USA (Northern Baptist Convention) is based in King of Prussia, Pennsylvania.
Pennsylvania is the central state of the German Reform denomination since the 1700s. Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, is one of the headquarters of the Moravian Church in America. Pennsylvania also has a very large Amish population, second only to Ohio between states. In 2000 there was a total Amish population of 47,860 in Pennsylvania and subsequently 146,416 Mennonites and 91,200 Brethren. The total population of Anabapist including Bruderhof is 232,631, about 2 percent of the population. While Pennsylvania owes its existence to Quakers, and many of the historical characters of the Commonwealth are ideologically rooted in the teachings of the Peoples' Religious Society (as they are officially known), Quaker practice is a small minority of about 10,000 followers by 2010.
In 2014, Pennsylvania's federal religious affiliation is:
- Christianity - 73%
- Protestant - 47%
- Mainline Protestant - 23%
- Evangelical Protestants - 19%
- Black Protestants - 5%
- Roman Catholics - 29%
- Jehovah's Witnesses - 1%
- Orthodox Christians - & lt; 1%
- Protestant - 47%
- Not religious/unaffiliated - 21%
- Judaism - 1%
- Islam - 1%
- Hindu - 1%
- Other religions - 2%
- Do not know/Decline to say - 1%
According to a Gallup poll of 2016, 38% of Pennsylvanians are very religious, 29% religious, and 34% non-religious.
Economy
Total gross domestic product (GSP) of Pennsylvania in 2016 of $ 719.8 billion is ranked 6th of the state in the country. If Pennsylvania is an independent state, the economy will be ranked 19th largest in the world. On a per capita basis, Pennsylvania per capita GSP of $ 50,665 (in chained 2009 dollars) ranks 22th among 50 states.
Philadelphia in the southeast corner, Pittsburgh in the southwest corner, Erie in the northwest corner, Scranton-Wilkes-Barre in the northeast corner, and Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton in the middle east region is an urban manufacturing center. Most of the Commonwealth is rural; This dichotomy affects the country's politics as well as the state's economy. Philadelphia is home to six Fortune 500 companies, with more located in the suburbs such as the King of Prussia; it is a leader in the finance and insurance industry.
Pittsburgh is home to eight Fortune 500 companies, including US Steel, PPG Industries, and H.J. Heinz. Overall, Pennsylvania is home to fifty Fortune 500 companies. Erie is also home to GE Transportation Systems, which is the largest railroad locomotive manufacturer in the United States.
As in the US as a whole and in most states, the largest private company in the Commonwealth is Wal-Mart, followed by the University of Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania is also home to utility companies belonging to the oldest investor in the US, The York Water Company.
In November 2017, the country's unemployment rate was 4.6%.
Banking
The first national bank in the United States, Bank of North America, was founded in 1781 in Philadelphia. After a series of mergers, Bank of North America is part of Wells Fargo, which uses the national charter 1.
Pennsylvania is also home to the first national bank under the National Banking Act of 1863. That year, Pittsburgh Savings & amp; Trust Company received the national charter and renamed itself National Bank of Pittsburgh as part of the National Banking Act. The bank still exists today as PNC Financial Services and remains based in Pittsburgh. PNC is the nation's largest bank, and the sixth largest in the United States.
Agriculture
Pennsylvania ranks 19th overall in agricultural production .
- The first is mushroom production,
- The 2nd is apple,
- The 3rd is a Christmas tree and laying hens,
- The 4th is nurseries and soil, milk, corn for silage, grew wine (including grape juice), and horse production.
This is also ranked 8th in the race at Winemaking.
The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture works with private companies to establish "Preferred PA" as a way to brand agricultural products grown or made in the state to support and promote Pennsylvania products and local food.
The impact of agricultural finance in Pennsylvania includes employing more than 66,800 people employed by the food manufacturing industry; and over $ 1.7 billion in exports of food products (in 2011).
Gambling
Casino gambling was passed in Pennsylvania in 2004. Currently, there are nine statewide casinos with three under construction or in planning. Only horse racing, slot machines and legal electronic table games in Pennsylvania, although bills to legalize table games are being negotiated in the fall of 2009. Desk games such as poker, roulette, blackjack and dice are finally approved by state legislatures in the United States. January 2010, signed into law by the Governor on 7 January. Sports betting is illegal.
Former Governor Ed Rendell has considered legalizing video poker machines in private bars and clubs in 2009, as some 17,000 operate illegally across the state. Under this plan, any establishment with a liquor license will be allowed up to 5 machines. All machines will be connected to a state computer system, such as a commercial casino. The state will impose a 50% tax on net gambling revenue, after which the winning player has been paid, with the remaining 50% going to the owner of the company.
Movies
The Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit began in 2004 and encouraged the development of the film industry in the state.
Government
Pennsylvania has had five constitutions during its statehood: 1776, 1790, 1838, 1874, and 1968. Before that the Pennsylvania province was organized for a century by Frame of Government, of which there were four versions: 1682, 1683, 1696, and 1701. The Pennsylvania capital was Harrisburg. The legislature meets at the State Capitol there.
Executive
The current governor is Tom Wolf. Other elected officials who formed the executive branch were Lt. Governor Michael Stack, Attorney General Joshua Shapiro, General Auditor Eugene DePasquale, and Pennsylvania Treasurer Joe Torsella. The Governor and the Governor Lieutenant run as tickets in elections and to be reelected in 2018. Pennsylvania will hold elections for the Attorney General, General Auditor and Treasurer by 2020.
Legislative
Pennsylvania has a bicameral legislature established by the Commonwealth constitution in 1790. The original frame of the William Penn Government has unicameral legislatures. The General Assembly includes 50 Senators and 203 Representatives. Joe Scarnati is currently President of Pro Tempore of the State Senate, Dominic Pileggi, Majority Leader, and Jay Costa, Minority Leader. Sam Smith is Chairman of the House of Representatives, with Mike Turzai as Majority Leader and Frank Dermody as Minority Leader. In the 2016 election, Republicans held a majority in the State and Senate Building.
Judiciary
Pennsylvania is divided into 60 districts of the judiciary, most (except Philadelphia) having magisterial district judges (previously called district judges and peace judges), leading primarily in the initial hearing in criminal offenses and minor offenses, all minor criminal offenses (summary), and small civil claims. Most criminal and civil cases come from the General Courts, which also serve as an appeals court for district judges and decisions of local institutions. The Court of Appeal heard all appeals from the General Courts not specifically addressed to the Commonwealth or Supreme Court. It also has original jurisdiction to review warrants for wiretapping surveillance. The Commonwealth Court is limited to the appeal of the final orders of certain state institutions and certain cases appointed from the General Courts. The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania is the last court of appeal. All judges in Pennsylvania are elected; chief justice is determined by seniority.
City
Pennsylvania is divided into 67 counties. The county is subdivided into municipalities incorporated as cities, boroughs, or cities. One county, Philadelphia County, is bordered by the city of Philadelphia after it was consolidated in 1854. The most populous region of Pennsylvania is Philadelphia, while the most rare is Cameron (5,085).
There are a total of 56 cities in Pennsylvania, which are classified, by population, as cities first, second, or third. Philadelphia, the largest city in Pennsylvania, has a population of 1,526,006 and is the only first-class city in the state. Pittsburgh (305,704) and Scranton (76,089) are second and second class cities 'A' respectively.
The rest of the cities, like the third and fourth largest - Allentown (120,443) and Erie (98,593) - to the smallest - Parker with a population of only 820 - are third-class cities. First and second class cities are governed by mayor mayors of "powerful mayors", while third-class cities are governed by one form of "weak mayor" or council-manager government.
Borough is generally smaller than cities, with most of the city of Pennsylvania been included as a territory before it was entered as a city. There are 958 districts in Pennsylvania, all of which are governed by the mayor of the "weak mayor" of the mayor's council government. The largest Borough in Pennsylvania is State College (41,992) and the smallest is Centralia (7).
Cities are the third type of municipality in Pennsylvania and are classified as first or second class cities. There are 1,454 second-class cities and 93 first-class cities. Second-class towns can be high-class cities if they have a population density of more than 300 people per square mile (120/km 2 ) and the referendum continues to support change. The largest city of Pennsylvania is Upper Darby Township (82,629), and the smallest is East Keating Township (11).
There is one exception to this type of municipality in Pennsylvania: Bloomsburg was established as a city in 1870 and, officially, the only city in the state. In 1975, McCandless Township adopted a government house charter under the name "McCandless City", but legally still a first-class city.
A total of 56 cities, 958 territories, 93 first-class cities, 1,454 second-class cities, and one city (Bloomsburg) are 2,562 municipalities.
Politics
For much of the second half of the 20th century and into the 21st century, Pennsylvania has become a powerful swing state. It only supports candidates who have lost the presidential election twice since 1932 to 1988. Since 1992, Pennsylvania has become a Democratic trend in the presidential election, casting a vote for Bill Clinton twice by a large margin, and slightly closer in 2000 to Al Gore. In the 2004 Presidential Election, Senator John F. Kerry defeated President George W. Bush in Pennsylvania 2,938,095 (50.92%) to 2,793,847 (48.42%). In the 2008 Presidential Election, Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican John McCain in Pennsylvania, 3,184,778 (54%) to 2,584,088 (44%). Recently, in the 2016 Presidential Election, Donald Trump became the first Republican candidate to win the country since 1988, winning the country 48.6% to 47.8%. The state holds 20 electoral votes.
In recent national elections, Pennsylvania has been relying on Democrats. The State elected a Democratic ticket to the presidency in every election between 1992 and 2012. During the 2008 election campaign, recruitment recruitment saw the registered Democrats exceed the Republican registered total of 1.2 million. However, Pennsylvania has a history of Republican senatorial elections. From 2009 to 2011, the country was represented by two Democratic senators for the first time since 1947. In 2010, Republicans recaptured the US Senate seat as well as the majority of state congress seats, control of both state legislative chambers and governor's house. Democrats won back the governor's house four years later in the 2014 elections. This is the first time since a governor has qualified to succeed himself that a governor of power has been defeated for re-election.
Historically, Democratic Party powers are concentrated in Philadelphia in the southeast, the Pittsburgh and Johnstown regions of the southwest, and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre in the northeast. The strength of the Republic is concentrated in the suburbs of Philadelphia, as well as rural areas in the middle, northeast, and west. The latter regency has long been among the most conservative territories in the country. Since 1992, however, the suburbs of Philadelphia have swung the Democrats; Republicanism brands have traditionally been moderate. The Pittsburgh suburb, historically the Democrats, has swung more of the Republic since the turn of the millennium.
Democratic political consultant James Carville once humbly described Pennsylvania as "Philadelphia to the east, Pittsburgh to the west and Alabama in the middle". Political analysts and editorials call central Pennsylvania "T" in state-wide elections. Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre generally vote for Democratic candidates, while the majority of the region is in the central part of the Republicans vote. As a result, maps that show election results throughout the state always form a "T" form.
Taxation
Pennsylvania has the 10th highest tax burden in the United States. Residents pay a total of $ 83.7 billion in state and local taxes with an average per capita of $ 6,640 per year. Residents share 76% of total tax expense. Many state politicians seek to increase the share of taxes paid by state resources. Suggested sources of income include natural gas drilling taxes because Pennsylvania is the only country without taxes such as gas drilling. Additional revenue prospects include trying to place tolls on interstate highways; especially Interstate 80 used by out-of-town passengers with high maintenance costs.
Sales taxes provide 39% of Commonwealth revenue; personal income tax of 34%; motor vehicle tax about 12%, and tax on cigarettes and 5% alcohol. Personal income tax is 3.07% flat. A person's taxable income is based on the following eight types of income: compensation (salary); flower; dividend; net income from business operations, profession or agriculture; net profit or income from property disposition; net income or income from rent, royalties, patents and copyrights; income earned through plantation or trust; and gambling and winning the lottery (in addition to the victory of the Pennsylvania lottery).
County, municipalities, and school districts levy taxes on real estate. In addition, some local agencies assess the wage tax on personal income. Generally, the total wage tax rate is limited to 1% of revenue, but some cities with charter charters may charge more than 1%. Thirty-two of the sixty-seven Commonwealth nations collect private property taxes on shares, bonds, and similar holdings.
With the exception of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and the school district are allowed to enforce local income taxes within the scope of Law 32. Municipal residents and school districts are required to file local non-federal income tax returns and return the state. Local refunds are submitted to local revenue collectors, private collection agencies (eg Berkheimer, Keystone Collections and Jordan Tax Service) designated by a particular county to collect local earned income and local service taxes (the latter minus the fixed costs of paid employees who works in a particular city or school district).
Philadelphia City has its own local revenue taxation system. Employers based in Philadelphia are required to withhold the Philadelphia wage tax from their employees' salaries. Philadelphia residents who work for employers are not required to apply for local returns as long as their Philadelphia wage tax is fully retained by their employers. If their employers do not withhold the Philadelphia wage tax, residents are required to apply to the Revenue Department and submit an income tax refund. Philadelphia residents with entrepreneurial income are required to apply for a Net Profit Return (NPT), while those with business income from a Philadelphia source are required to obtain a Commercial Activity License (CAL) and pay income tax and business income (BIRT) and NPT. Citizens with uncollectable earnings (except for interest from current accounts and savings accounts) are required to apply for and pay School Income Tax (SIT).
The complexity of Pennsylvania's local tax filing system has been criticized by experts, noting that the collection of outsourcing for private entities is similar to tax farming and that many new residents are caught off guard and end up facing "failure to file" punishment even if they have no tax payable. Attempts to transfer local revenue tax collections to the state level (i.e. by having a separate local section on state income tax returns, the current methods used to collect local income taxes in New York, Maryland, Indiana, and Iowa) were unsuccessful.
Federal Representation
Two US Senators are Bob Casey, Jr. and Pat Toomey.
Pennsylvania currently has 18 seats in the United States House of Representatives, at the 2010 Census.
Health
Pennsylvania has a mixed health record, and is ranked 29th as the healthiest overall country according to the United Health Foundation's Health Rating of 2013.
Education
Pennsylvania has 500 public school districts, thousands of private schools, publicly funded colleges and universities, and over 100 private higher education institutions.
Primary and secondary education
In general, according to state law, attendance at a school in Pennsylvania is mandatory for a child from age 8 to 17, or to graduate from an accredited secondary school, whichever is earlier. In 2005, 83.8% of Pennsylvania residents aged 18 to 24 had completed high school. Among residents aged 25 and over, 86.7% have graduated from high school.
Here is a four-year graduation rate for students completing secondary school by 2016:
In addition, 27.5% have earned a bachelor's degree or higher. State students consistently do well in standard testing. In 2007, Pennsylvania ranked 14th in mathematics, 12 in reading, and 10 in writing for grade 8 students.
In 1988, the Pennsylvania General Assembly issued Law 169, which allowed parents or guardians to homeschool their children as an option for compulsory school attendance. This law establishes the requirements and responsibilities of parents and school districts where a family resides.
Higher education
Pennsylvania State Higher Education System (PASSHE) is a public university system of the Commonwealth, with 14 state-owned schools. The Commonwealth System of Higher Education is the organizing body of 4 state-related schools in Pennsylvania, these schools are independent institutions that receive state funding. There are also 15 publicly funded colleges and technical schools separated from the PASSHE system. In addition there are many schools, colleges and private universities two and four years old.
Carnegie Mellon University, The Pennsylvania State University, the University of Pennsylvania, and the University of Pittsburgh, are members of the Association of American Universities, an organization only invited from leading research universities. Lehigh University is also a renowned private research university located in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania State University is a Commonwealth Land grant university, Sea Grant College and, Space Grant College. The University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, is considered the first university in the United States and established the country's first medical school. The University of Pennsylvania is also a Commonwealth school, and geographically it is the southernmost school in the Ivy League. The Academy of Fine Arts of Pennsylvania is the first and oldest art school in the United States. The Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, now part of the University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, is the first pharmaceutical school in the United States.
Recreation
Pennsylvania is home to the nation's first zoo, the Philadelphia Zoo. Other accredited AZA zoos include the Erie Zoo and Pittsburgh Zoo & amp; PPG Aquarium. Lehigh Valley Zoo and ZOOAMERICA is another famous zoo. The Commonwealth boasts some of the best museums in the country, including the Carnegie Museum in Pittsburgh, the Philadelphia Museum of Art, and several others. One of the unique museums is the Houdini Museum in Scranton, the only building in the world devoted to the legendary witch. Pennsylvania is also home to the National Aviary, located in Pittsburgh.
All 121 state parks in Pennsylvania have free admission.
Pennsylvania offers a number of famous theme parks, including Camel Beach, Conneaut Lake Park, Dorney Park & ​​â € <â € < Wildwater Kingdom, Dutch Wonderland, DelGrosso Amusement Park, Hersheypark, Idlewild Park, Kennywood, Knoebels, Lakemont Park, Sandcastle Waterpark, Sesame Place, Great Wolf Lodge and Waldameer Park. Pennsylvania is also home to the largest indoor waterpark resort on the East Coast, Splash Lagoon in Erie.
There is also a famous music festival which takes place in Pennsylvania. These include Musikfest and NEARfest in Bethlehem, Philadelphia People's Festival, Festival of Creations, The Great Allentown Fair, and Purple Door.
There are nearly one million licensed hunters in Pennsylvania. Deer whitetail, black bear, cottontail rabbit, squirrel, turkey, and grouse are common game species. Pennsylvania is considered one of the best wild turkey hunting nations in the Union, along with Texas and Alabama. Hunting sports in Pennsylvania provide a great boost to the Commonwealth economy. A report from The Center for Rural Pennsylvania reported that hunting, fishing, and fertilization yielded a total of $ 9.6 billion across the state.
Boone and the Crockett Club show that five of the ten largest black (skull size) bears entry came from the state. The state also has a record tied for the greatest hunter who shot black bears at Boone & Crockett's book at 733 pounds (332 kg) and 23/3 skull was tied up with bear shots in California in 1993. The largest bear ever found dead in Utah in 1975, and the second largest shot by a hunter in the country in the year 1987. Pennsylvania holds Boone & amp; second highest. Black bear record recorded at Crockett 183, second only to Wisconsin 299.
Transportation
The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, abbreviated as PennDOT, has 39,861 miles (64,150 km) of 121,770 miles (195,970 km) of roads in the state, making it the fifth largest state fifth road system in the United States. The Pennsylvania Turnpike system is 535 miles (861 km) long, with major line sections stretching from Ohio to Philadelphia and New Jersey. It is overseen by the Pennsylvania Turnpike Commission. Another major east-west route is Interstate 80, which operates primarily in the northern tier states of Ohio to New Jersey at the Delaware Water Gap. Interstate 90 travels a relatively short distance between Ohio and New York via Erie County, in the extreme northwest part of the state.
The main north-south highway is Interstate 79 from its terminal in Erie via Pittsburgh to West Virginia, Interstate 81 from New York via Scranton, Lackawanna County and Harrisburg to Maryland and Interstate 476, which begins 7 miles (11 km) north of the Delaware border Chester, Delaware County and a journey of 132 miles (212 km) to Clarks Summit, Lackawanna County, where he joined I-81. All but 20 miles (32 km) I-476 is the Northeast Extension of the Pennsylvania Turnpike, while the southern highway off the Pennsylvania Turnpike main line is officially called the "Veterans Memorial Highway", but is often referred to by locals. as "Blue Route".
The Southeastern Pennsylvania Transportation Authority (SEPTA) is the sixth largest transit agency in the United States and operates commuter, heavy and light freight trains, and transit bus services in the metropolitan area of ​​Philadelphia. The Port Allegheny County Authority is the 25th largest transit agency and provides transit and light rail bus services in and around Pittsburgh.
Intercity passenger rail transport is provided by Amtrak, with most traffic going on in the Keystone Services at the high-speed Keystone Corridor between Harrisburg and Philadelphia Street Station 30 before heading north to New York City as well as the Region Northeast provides high speed service often up and down the Northeast Corridor. Pennsylvanian follows the same route from New York City to Harrisburg, but extends to Pittsburgh. The Capitol Limited also passes Pittsburgh, as well as Connellsville, en route from Chicago to Washington, DC The journey between Chicago and New York City, Lake Shore Limited passes Erie once in every direction. There are 67 short rail lines, operating in Pennsylvania, the highest number in any U.S. state. In 2018, OurBus began offering services from West Chester, PA - Malvern, PA - King of Prussia, PA - Fort Washington, PA - New York, NY.
Pennsylvania has seven major airports: Philadelphia International, Pittsburgh International, Lehigh Valley International, Harrisburg International, Erie International, University Park Airport and Wilkes-Barre/Scranton International. A total of 134 publicly used airports are located in the state. The Port of Pittsburgh is the second largest US land port in the United States and the 18th largest harbor overall; Port of Philadelphia is the 24th largest port in the United States. The only port in Pennsylvania on the Great Lakes is located in Erie.
Allegheny River Lock and Dam Two are the keys most used by the United States Armed Forces Engineering Corps of 255 nationwide. The dam hit the Allegheny River near Downtown Pittsburgh.
Culture
Art
Sports
Pennsylvania is home to many major league professional sports teams; Pittsburgh Steelers and Philadelphia Eagles from the National Football League, Philadelphia Phillies and Pittsburgh Pirates of Major League Baseball, Philadelphia 76ers from the National Basketball Association, the Philadelphia Flyers and the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League, and the Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer. Among them, these teams have garnered 7 World Series Championships (Pirates 5, Phillies 2), 16 National League Pennants (Pirates 9, Phillies 7), 3 pre-Super Bowls of the NFL Championships (Eagles), 7 Super Bowl Championships (Steelers 6, Eagles 1), 2 NBA Championships (76ers), and 7 Stanley Cups (Penguins 5, Flyers 2).
Pennsylvania also has a small league and semi-pro sports team: Triple-A baseball Lehigh Valley IronPigs and Scranton/Wilkes-Barre RailRiders from the International League; Double-A baseball Altoona Curve, Erie SeaWolves, Senator Harrisburg, and Reading Fightin Phils from the Eastern League; A College of Spy Class A-Short Season baseball and Williamsport Crosscutters of the New York-Penn League; the independent baseball of Lancaster Barnstormers and the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball; independent baseball Washington Wild Things of the Frontier League; Erie BayHawks from the NBA G League; Lehigh Valley Phantom, Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins, and Hershey Bears from the American Hockey League; Reads Royals and ECHL; and the Philadelphia Soul of the Arena Football League. Among them, these teams have collected 12 titles of triple and double A baseball leagues (RailRiders 1, Senator 6, Fightin Phils 4 Curve 1), 1 Bowl Championship (Soul) Arena, and 11 Calder Cups (Bears).
Since 1959, the Small World League Series has been held every summer in South Williamsport, near where the Little League Baseball was founded in Williamsport.
Also, the first World Series between the Boston Pilgrims (which became the Boston Red Sox) and the Pittsburgh Pirates were played in Pittsburgh in 1903.
Soccer is becoming more popular in the state of Pennsylvania as well. With the addition of the Philadelphia Union in MLS, the country now boasts three qualified teams to compete for the Lamar Hunt US Open Cup every year. The other two teams are Penn FC and Pittsburgh Riverhounds, both from United Soccer League (USL). In the American Soccer Pyramid, MLS takes first rate, while USL-2 claims the third level.
In motor sport, the dynasty Mario Andretti racer originated from Nazareth in the Lehigh Valley. Well-known horse races in Pennsylvania include Jennerstown Speedway at Jennerstown, Lake Erie Speedway on the North East, Mahoning Valley Speedway at Lehighton, Speedway Motordome at Smithton, Speedway Mountain at St. Johns, Nazareth Speedway in Nazareth (closed); and Pocono Raceway at Long Pond, which is home to two NASCAR Cup Series races and the IndyCar Series race. The state is also home to Maple Grove Raceway, near Reading, which hosts the National Hot Rod Association to support drag racing events each year.
There are also two motocross racing tracks that host the AMA Toyota Motocross Championships round in Pennsylvania. High Point Raceway is situated in Mt. Morris, Pennsylvania, and Steel City are located in Delmont, Pennsylvania.
Horse racing courses in Pennsylvania consist of The Meadows near Pittsburgh, Pocono Downs in Wilkes-Barre, and Harrah's Philadelphia in Chester, offering harness races, and Penn National Race Course in Grantville, Parx Racing (formerly Philadelphia Park) in Bensalem, and Presque Isle Downs near Erie, which offers racing racing. Smarty Jones, winner of Kentucky Derby 2004 and Preakness Stakes, has Philadelphia Park as his native place.
Arnold Palmer, one of the most famous pro golfers of the 20th century, comes from Latrobe, while Jim Furyk, a member of the current PGA, grew up close in Lancaster. PGA tournaments in Pennsylvania include 84 Lumber Classic, played at Nemacolin Woodlands Resort, in Farmington and Northeast Pennsylvania Classic, playing at Glenmaura National Golf Club, in Moosic.
Philadelphia is home to LOVE Park, a popular spot for skateboarding, and across from City Hall, the host for ESPN's X Games in 2001 and 2002.
College sports
College football is very popular in Pennsylvania. There are three colleges in Pennsylvania playing at the highest level of college football competition, Division I NCAA Division I Football Bowl. Two plays at the Power Five conference, Penn State University Nittany Lions of the Big Ten Conference and University of Pittsburgh Panthers of the Atlantic Coast Conference, while Temple University Owls play at the American Athletic Conference. Penn State, claiming two national championships (1982 & 1986) and seven unbeaten seasons (1887, 1912, 1968, 1969, 1973, 1986 and 1994). Penn State played its home game at the second largest stadium in the United States, the Beaver Stadium, which sits 107,282, and is currently headed by head coach James Franklin. The University of Pittsburgh Panthers claimed nine national championships (1915, 1916, 1918, 1929, 1931, 1934, 1936, 1937 and 1976) and had played eight unbeaten seasons (1904, 1910, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1937 and 1976 ). Pitt played his home game at Heinz Field, a facility he shared with Pittsburgh Steelers, and headed by current head coach Pat Narduzzi. Other Pennsylvania schools that have won national titles in football include Lafayette College (1896), Villanova University (FCS 2009), University of Pennsylvania (1895, 1897, 1904 and 1908) and Washington and Jefferson College (1921).
College basketball is also popular in the state, especially in the Philadelphia area where five universities, collectively referred to as the Big Five, have a rich tradition in NCAA Division I basketball. National titles at college basketball have been won by the following Pennsylvania universities: La Salle University (1954), Temple University (1938), University of Pennsylvania (1920 and 1921), University of Pittsburgh (1928 and 1930), and Villanova University (1985). , 2016, and 2018).
Food
Writer Sharon Hernes Silverman called Pennsylvania the world's snack capital. It leads all other countries in the manufacture of potato pretzels and chips. Sturgis Pretzel House introduces pretzels to America, and companies like Anderson Bakery Company, Intercourse Pretzel Factory, and Snyder's Hanover are leading manufacturers in the Commonwealth. Two of the three companies that define the US potato industry are based in Pennsylvania: Utz Quality Foods, which started making chips in Hanover, Pennsylvania in 1921, and Wise Foods started making chips at Berwick in 1921 (the third, Chips Lay Lay, is a Texas company). Other companies such as Herr's Snacks, Martin's Potato Chips, Snyder's Berlin (unrelated to Snyder's Hanover) and Troyer Farms Potato Products are popular chip producers.
The US chocolate industry is based in Hershey, Pennsylvania, with Mars, Godiva, and the nearby Wilbur Chocolate Company, and smaller plants such as Asher in Souderton, and Gertrude Hawk Chocolates of Dunmore. Other well-known companies include Just Born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, makers of Hot Tamales, Mike and Ikes, Peeps favorite Easter marshmallows, and Boyer Brothers from Altoona, Pennsylvania, famous for its Mallo Cups. Pretzels Aunt Anne started as a marketplace in Downingtown, Pennsylvania, and now has its headquarters in Lancaster City. Traditional Pennsylvania Pennsylvania foods include chicken potpie, ham potpie, schnitz un knepp (dried apple, ham, and dumplings), fasnachts (picked donuts), scrapples, pretzels, bologna, chow-chow, and Shoofly pie. Martin Famous Pastry Shoppe, Inc., headquartered in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, specializes in potato bread, other traditional Pennsylvania Pennsylvania food. D.G. Yuengling & amp; Son, the oldest beer factory in America, has been making beer in Pottsville since 1829.
Among the regional foods associated with Philadelphia are cheesesteaks, hoagie, soft pretzels, Italian water ice, Irish potato sweets, scrapples, Tastykake, Wawa, and strombolis. In Pittsburgh, tomato sauce was enhanced by Henry John Heinz from 1876 to the beginning of the 20th century. Famous for the lower level of Heinz sauce are sandwiches, pierogies, and chicken town of Pittsburgh's Primanti Brothers Restaurant. Outside Scranton, in the Old Forge there are dozens of Italian restaurants specializing in pizzas made unique by thick and light crust and American cheese. Erie also has a unique share of food, including Greek sauces and sponge candy. Sauerkraut along with pork and mashed potatoes is a common food on New Year's Day in Pennsylvania.
Country symbol
- Motto : "Virtue, freedom, and independence"
- Trees : Eastern Hemlock
- Country bird : Rude bastard
- Flowers : Mountain falls
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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