Splitting (psychology)

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Splitting (also called black-and-white thinking or thinking all-or-nothing ) is a failure in one's thinking to unify the dichotomy of positive and negative qualities from self and others into a cohesive and realistic whole. This is a common defense mechanism used by many people. Individuals tend to think extremes (ie, the actions and individual motivations are all all or all bad without a middle ground).

The concept of solution was developed by Ronald Fairbairn in the formulation of his object relations theory; this begins because of the infant's inability to combine satisfactory aspects of the elderly (a good object) and their unresponsive aspects (unsatisfactory objects) into the same individual, instead viewing the good and the bad as separate. In psychoanalytic theory, this serves as a defense mechanism.

Video Splitting (psychology)

Relationships

Separation creates instability in relationships because one person can be viewed as a personified virtue or personified representative at different times, depending on whether they satisfy the subject's needs or thwart it. This, along with similar oscillations in experience and self-assessment, leads to a chaotic and unstable pattern of relationships, identity diffusion, and mood swings. The therapeutic process can be severely hampered by this oscillation, because therapists can also be seen as all good or bad. To try to overcome the negative effects on treatment outcomes, constant interpretation by the therapist is required.

Partition contributes to an unstable relationship and a strong emotional experience. Separating is common during adolescence, but is considered temporary. Separation has been noted primarily with people who are diagnosed with a threshold personality disorder. Treatment strategies have been developed for individuals and groups based on dialectical behavioral therapy, and for couples. There are also self-help books on related topics such as emotional attention and regulation that claim to be helpful to individuals who struggle with the consequences of disunity.

Maps Splitting (psychology)

Borderline personality disorder

Separation is a relatively common defense mechanism for people with impaired personality thresholds. One of the criteria of the DSM IV-TR for this disorder is the description of the separation: "an unstable and intense interpersonal relationship pattern characterized by alternating between idealization and devaluation extremism". In psychoanalytic theory, people with impaired personality thresholds can not integrate good and bad images of themselves and others, resulting in bad representations that dominate good representations . This school hypothesizes that they are consequently experiencing love and sexuality as a bad and rough quality that they can not integrate with the side of a soft and intimate relationship.

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Narcissistic personality disorder

People who fit the diagnostic criteria for narcissistic personality disorder also use separation as a central defense mechanism. Most often narcissists do this in an effort to stabilize their sense of positivity to maintain their self-esteem, by looking at themselves as being upright or admirable and others who are inconsistent with their will or value as pure evil or contemptible.

The cognitive habits of separation also imply the use of other related defense mechanisms, namely idealization and devaluation, which are attitudes or reactions to prevention of narcissistic angst and narcissistic injury.

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Depression

In depression, excessive thinking or all can not form self-reinforcing cycles: these thoughts can be called emotional amplifiers because, as they circle, they become stronger. Typical or nonexistent thoughts:

• My attempts succeeded or failed miserably
• Others are all good or bad.
• I'm either all or all bad.
• If you are not with us, you are against us.

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Janet, Bleuler and Freud

Divide consciousness (German: Spaltung ) was first described by Pierre Janet in De l'Automatisme Psychologique . His ideas were extended by Bleuler (who in 1908 created the word schizophrenia from Ancient Greece skhÃÆ'z? [??????, "to split"] and phr? N , and Freud to explain the divisions in consciousness, not (with Janet) as the product of innate weakness, but as a result of inner conflict. With the development of the idea of ​​repression, the divisions moved into the background of Freud's thinking for several years, most of which were reserved for multiple personality cases. However, his late work saw a renewed interest in how "it is possible for the ego to avoid division... by affecting the division or division itself", an expanded theme in his book Psychology's Outline of Analysis. (1940a [1938]) outside of fetishism to neurotics in general.

Her daughter, Anna Freud, explores how the healthy development of childhood, the separation of a loving and aggressive instinct can be avoided.

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Melanie Klein

However, from the beginning, another use of the term "splitting" in Freud, refers more to the solution of ambivalence "by breaking contradictory feelings so that one person is only loved, one hates only... a good mother and an evil stepmother in a fairy tale." Or, in opposition to feelings of love and hate, perhaps "two opposite things should be divided and one of them, usually hatred, has been suppressed". Such separation is closely related to the defense of "isolation... The division of the object into something pleasant and not... makes 'disconnection'."

That is the last sense of the predominant term adopted and exploited by Melanie Klein. After Freud, "his most important contribution came from Melanie Klein, whose work brightened the idea of ​​'separation of objects' (Object Textif) <