A zipper , zip , fly , or zip fastener , formerly known as locker buckle , is a device commonly used to tie the opening edges of fabric or other flexible materials, such as in garments or bags. These are used in clothing (for example, jackets and jeans), suitcases and other bags, sporting goods, camping gear (eg tents and sleeping bags), and other items. Zippers come in different sizes, shapes, and colors. Whitcomb L. Judson is an American inventor from Chicago who invented and made a workable zipper. The methods that are still used today, are based on interlocking teeth. Initially, it was called "hookless binder" and then redesigned to become more reliable.
Video Zipper
Description
Most zipper/zip consists of two prominent row teeth, which can be made to interdigitate, connect the line, carrying from tens to hundreds of teeth or specially formed plastic teeth. These teeth can be either individual or formed from continuous scrolls, and are also referred to as elements . Sliders, operated by hand, move along the rows of teeth. Inside the slider is a Y-shaped channel that fuses together or separates the opposite rows of teeth, depending on the direction of the slider movement. The word Zipper is onomatopoetic, because it is named for the sound the device creates when it is used, zip high-pitched.
In many jackets and similar clothes, the opening is fully closed when the slider is at the top end. Some jackets have a zipper that separates the two with two sliders on the ribbon. When the slider is at opposite ends of the cassette then the jacket is closed. If the bottom slider is raised then the bottom of the jacket can be opened to allow for more comfortable seating or cycling. When both sliders are lowered then the zipper may be completely separate.
Bags, suitcases and other items also often feature two sliders on the cassette: the zipper section between them is not tightened. When two sliders are next to each other, which can be at any point along the tape, the zipper closes completely.
Zipple maybe
- increase or decrease the size of the opening to allow or restrict the course of the object, as in pants or pocket flies.
- join or separate two ends or a single garment side, such as on the front of the jacket, or on the front, back or sides of a dress or skirt to make it easier to dress.
- attach or remove parts of clothing that can be separated to or from another, as in the conversion between trousers and shorts or connection or hood and coat termination.
- attach or remove a small bag or bag to or from a larger bag. One example is a military rucksack that has a bag or small bag attached to the side using one or two zips.
- is used to decorate an item.
This variation is achieved by sewing one end of the zipper together, sewing the two ends together, or letting the two ends of the zipper fall completely apart.
The zipper charge is relatively small, but if it fails, the garment may not be usable until the zipper is repaired or replaced - which can be very difficult and expensive. The problem often lies in the zipper slider; when it becomes obsolete it does not properly align and join the tooth back and forth. By separating the zipper, the insertion pin can be detached from the tape; The tape may even be destroyed from use. If the zipper fails, it can jam (ie jam) or break partly.
Maps Zipper
History
In 1851, Elias Howe received a patent for "Automatic, Continuous Clothing Closure". He made no effort to seriously market it, losing the recognition he might have received. The Howe device is more like a complicated string than a true shear binder.
Forty-two years later, in 1893 Whitcomb Judson, who invented the pneumatic railroad, marketed the "Clasp Locker". This device acts as a hook-and-eye shoe fastener (more complicated). With the support of businessman Colonel Lewis Walker, Judson launched the Universal Fasteners Company to produce new devices. The hand clasp had its public debut at the Chicago World Expo in 1893 and met with little commercial success. Judson was sometimes given credit as a zipper inventor, but he never made practical tools.
The company, rearranged as Fastener Manufacturing and Machine Company, moved to Hoboken, NJ in 1901. Gideon Sundback, Swedish-American electrical engineer, was hired to work at the company in 1906. Good technical skills and marriage with factory-daughter manager Elvira Aronson led Sundback into the position of chief designer. The company moved to Meadville, PA, where it operated for most of the 20th century under the name of Talon, Inc. After the death of his wife in 1911, Sundback devoted himself to increasing the tie, and by December 1913 he had designed a modern zipper. The right to this invention belongs to the Meadville company (operating as Hookless Fastener Co.), but Sundback retains a non-US right and uses it to establish in the following years the Canadian company Lightning Fastner Co. in St. Croix Catharines, Ont.. Sundback's work with this company has led to a common misconception that he is Canadian and that zippers originated in the country.
Gideon Sundback increases the number of fastening elements from four per inch (about one every 6.4 mm) to ten or eleven (about 2.5 mm), introduces two rows of teeth facing into one section by the slider, and increases the opening for the tooth guided by sliders. The patent for "Separate Fastener" was issued in 1917. Gideon Sundback also created a production machine for a new device. The "S-L" or "scrapless" machine picks up a special Y-shaped wire and cuts the spoon out of it, then presses the dimple scoop and pen, and pincers each spoon on the fabric tape to produce a continuous zipper chain. In its first year of operation, the Sundback engine produces several hundred meters (about 100 meters) of fastener per day. In March of the same year, Mathieu Burri, a Swiss inventor, refined the design by adding a key system attached to the last tooth, but his version never went into production due to a conflicting patent.
The popular term North American zipper, (or zip-fastener), came from BF Goodrich Company in 1923. The company choose to use the Gideon Sundback binder on a new type of rubber shoe (or galosh) and call it a zipper, and the name is stuck. The use of two zipper heads in the early years was to close the boots and tobacco pouches. Zippers began to be used for clothing in 1925 by Schott NYC on leather jackets.
In the 1930s, sales campaigns began for children's clothing featuring zippers. The campaign praised the zips for promoting independence in small children by allowing them to wear self-help clothes. The zipper beat the button in 1937 in "Battle of the Fly", after the French fashion designer babbled over a pair of men's trousers. Esquire stating the zipper "The Latest Adjustment Idea for Men" and among the many virtues of the zipper fly is that it will exclude "Unintentional and Disgraceable Possibility."
The latest innovation in zipper design is the introduction of a model that can be opened at both ends, just like on a jacket. Today zippers are the most widespread binder, and are found in clothing, suitcases, leather goods, and various other objects.
Type
- Coil Zippers now make up the bulk of zipper sales worldwide. The slider runs on two rolls on each side; teeth are formed by rolls of coils. Two basic types of coils are used: one with a spiral coil, usually with wires running inside the coil; the other with the roll in the form of a ladder, also called the Ruhrmann type. Coil zippers are made of polyester coils and thus also called polyester zippers. Nylon was previously used and although only polyester is used now, this type is also called nylon zipper.
- Invisible zippers have hidden teeth behind the ribbon, so the zipper is invisible . This is also called the Hidden Hidden . The color of the tape matches the garment, as well as the slider and the puller. This type of zipper is common in skirts and dresses. Unseen zippers are usually zippered coils. They also see increased use by the military and emergency services because the appearance of button down shirts can be maintained, while providing fast and easy fastening systems. Unseen zippers use a lighter cloth like lace on a zippered band instead of a heavier woven fabric on another zipper.
- Inverted coil zipper is a variation of the coil zipper. In a reverse coil zipper, the coil is on the back (rear) side of the zipper and the slider works on the flat side of the zipper (usually the back, now the front). Unlike the invisible zipper where the coil is also in the back, the back coil shows the stitches on the front side and the sliding blades accommodate various tugs (unseen zippers require a small pull, pull a teardrop due to a small slider binder). Waterproof zippers are generally configured as coil back so that the pvc layer can cover the seam. Rubber zippers or PVC coated zippers are called waterproof zippers.
- Metal zipper is a classic zipper type, mostly found in jeans and pencils today. Teeth are not coils, but are self-formed metal pieces and arranged on a regular tape zipper. Metal zippers are made of brass, aluminum and nickel, in accordance with the metal used to make teeth. All these zippers are basically made of flat wire. A special type of metal zipper is made of pre-formed wire, usually brass but sometimes other metals as well. Only a few companies in the world have the technology. This type of preformed metal zipper is primarily used in the use of high-class jeans, work clothes, etc., Where required high strength and zipper must be resistant to difficult washing.
- The plastic molding zipper is identical to the metal zipper, except that the tooth is plastic instead of metal. Metal zippers can be painted to fit the fabric around them; plastic zippers can be made in various colors of plastic. Most plastic zippers use polyacetal resins, although other thermoplastic polymers are also used, such as polyethylene. Used most popular for pencil case, small plastic bag and other useful stationery.
- Open zipper uses a box and pin mechanism to lock both sides of the zipper into place, often in a jacket. An open zipper can be any of the types described above.
- Two way open-end zipper Instead of having an insertion pin and a pin box at the bottom, the two-way zipper open has a pull on each end of the tape zipper. A person who is wearing a zippered suit of this kind can shift the bottom puller to accommodate more leg movement without stressing the pin and the one-way zipper box is open. This is most often used on long coats.
- Two way closed end zipper is closed at both ends; they are often used in suitcases and can have one or two pullers on the zipper.
- Magnetic zipper allows one-handed closure and is used in sports. [1]
Turbidity of air and water
The airtight zipper was first developed by NASA to create a high altitude pressure setting and later room suit, capable of withstand air pressure inside a suit in a vacuum.
An airtight zipper is built like a standard jagged zipper, but with waterproof tarp (made of fabric-reinforced polyethylene and bonded to other clothing) wrapped around the outside of each row of zippered teeth. When the zipper is closed, both sides facing the plastic sheeting are tightly bonded to each other (between clip C-shaped) above and below the zipper, forming a double seal.
The double-mate surface is good for withstanding vacuum and pressure, but the fitting should be very tight, to squeeze the surface together strongly. As a result, this zipper is usually very stiff when closing the zip and has minimal flex or stretch. They are difficult to open and close because the runway zipper should bend the teeth held under pressure. They can also slip (and damage the sealing surface) if the tooth is not aligned while trying to pull the zip closes.
This zipper is very common where airtight or waterproof seals are required, such as scuba diving diving suits, seafront suits, and haze suits.
The less common waterproof zipper is similar in construction to the standard jagged zipper, but includes a plastic ridge seal that is printed similar to a mating surface in a plastic bag. As the zipper is easier to open and close than the truncated version, and the slider has a gap above the zipper gear to separate the ridge seal. The seal is structurally weak against internal pressure, and can be separated by pressure in sealed containers pushing out on the back, which only flexs and spreads apart, potentially allowing the entry of air or fluid through open mountains. Sealed zipper zippers are sometimes used on low cost dry surface clothing.
Lock anti-slide zipper
Some zips include capabilities designed to slide the slider in a fixed or closed position, resisting forces that will try to move the slider and unzipped unexpectedly. There are two common ways this is accomplished:
The zipper handle can have a short protruding pin stamped into it, which inserts between the zipper gear through the hole on the slider, when the handle is folded down flat with the zippered teeth. It appears on some brands of trousers. The fly zipper handle is folded flat with the tooth when not in use, and the handle is held by both the sliding hinge and flaping pressure over the fly.
The slider can also have a two-piece hinge assembly that connects the handle to the slider, with the base of the hinge under the spring tension and with a protruding pin at the bottom inserting between the zipper teeth. To move the zipper, the handle is pulled out against the spring tension, lifting the pin out from between the teeth as the slider moves. When the handle is removed, the pin automatically moves between the zipper teeth again. They are called "auto-lock sliders".
The three-part version above uses a small rotary arm held under the voltage inside the hinge. Pulling the handle from any direction will lift the pivot pin of the zipper so that the slider can move.
Components
The zipper components are:
- Upper Band Extension (The fabric part of the zipper, which extends outside the tooth, at the top of the chain.)
- Top Stop (Two devices are taped to the top edge of the zipper, to prevent the slider from falling out of the chain.)
- Slider (Device that moves up and down the chain to open or close the zipper.)
- Drag Tab or Puller (The slider section held to move the bar up or down.)
- Bandwidth (Referring to the width of the fabric on either side of the zipper chain.)
- Chain or Teeth Zippers (The continuous part formed when the two zipper sections are joined together) and the Chain Width (Referring to the chain-specific gauge - the general gauge size is # 3, # 5, # 7, # 8 and # 10, the larger the number, the width of the teeth/chain.)
- Bottom Stop (Device affixed to the underside of the zipper, to prevent further partial zipper movement from splitting.)
- Bottom Tape Extension (The fabric part of the zipper, which goes beyond the teeth, at the bottom of the chain.)
- Single Band Width (Refers to the width of the fabric on one side of the zipper chain.)
- Insertion Pin (Device used in zipper separators whose function is to allow the merging of two zipper parts.)
- Retaining Box or Pin Box (Device used in zipper separators whose function is to align pins correctly, to start merging zipper sections.)
- Film Reinforcement (A plastic strip integrates with each half of a recording zipper to allow the manufacturer to electronically "weld" the zipper into the garment or the item being produced, without the need for sewing or sewing.)
Manufacturing
Forbes reported in 2003 that although the zipper market in the 1960s was dominated by Talon Zipper (USA) and Optilon (Germany), the Japanese manufacturer YKK grew into an industry giant in the 1980s. YKK holds 45 percent of the world market share, followed by Optilon (8 percent) and Talon Zipper (7 percent).
Indian Tex Corp. has also emerged as an important supplier for the apparel industry.
In Europe, the Cremalleras Rubi company was founded in 1926 in Catalonia, continuing to compete with large multinational corporations selling over 30 million zips in 2012.
In 2005, The Guardian reported that China has 80 percent of the international market. Most of its products are made in Qiaotou, Yongjia County.
Patent
- November 25, 1851 AS. Patent 8,540 : "Enhancement in Binding for Garments"
- August 29, 1893 AS. Patent 504.037 : "Toning shoes"
- August 29, 1893 AS. Patent 504.038 : "Slide Locker or Unlocker for Shoes"
- March 31, 1896 AS. Patent 557,207 : "Binding to Shoes"
- March 31, 1896 AS. Patent 557,208 : "Clasp-Locker for Shoes"
- April 29, 1913 AS. Patent 1,060,378 : "Detachable binder" (Gideon Sundback)
- March 20, 1917 AS. Patent 1,219,881 : "Detachable binder" (Gideon Sundback)
- December 22, 1936 US. Patent 2,065,250 : "Slider"
In popular culture
Zippers have entered the urban legend. American folklorist Jan Brunvand notes that "Zippers have been the subject of jokes and legends since... the 1920s". The stories reflect "modern anxieties and desires," which emphasize shame and accidents, especially those involving male trouser flies in stories such as "Uncompromised Persons" and "Flies That Do not Exfoliate".
Resilience and repair
Zippers are often the most durable component in a garment or any type of equipment. Most often the zipper fails to close because the worn or curved slider can not apply the required force to the side of the tooth to cause them to interlock. This problem can sometimes be fixed by using small pliers to carefully press the back of the slider together a fraction of a millimeter. This can compensate for slider wear. Sliders are usually made as a perishable magnesium diecast. It is necessary to reduce the force on the pliers before it can be felt that the slider actually gives up. If it is not yet possible to successfully close the zipper, the pressure applied to the slider should only be gradually improved. Another way to reduce the slit open end of the slider is to prepare a small wooden beam by sawing the slot to one end so that it fits over the upper arm of the slider. Then the hammer can be used to press the force onto the slider by carefully hitting the wood.
When the protective layer of the diecast slider has been shut down with prolonged use, the material may corrode. The corrosion product is usually a metal salt that can accumulate and block the moving slider. When this occurs salt can often be dissolved by soaking sliders in vinegar or other light acids. Otherwise, the slider should be removed and replaced.
See also
- Funicular - "Zipper Train" is a type of rope-driven train, sometimes called "cremallera" in Spanish
- zipper storage bag
References
- Henry Petroski: Evolution of Useful Things (1992); ISBN 0-679-74039-2
- Robert Friedel: Zipper: Exploration in Novelty (W. W. Norton and Company: New York, 1996); ISBNÃ, 0-393-31365-4
External links
- Zipper in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- How Zippers Work by S. M. Blinder, Wolfram Demonstration Project
- History of Zippers
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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