WYSIWYG ( "English respelling pronunciation"> WIZ -ee-wig ) is an acronym for " what you see is what you get ". In computing, the WYSIWYG editor is a system where content (text and graphics) can be edited in a form very similar to how it looks when printed or displayed as a finished product, such as printed documents, web pages, or slide presentations.
Video WYSIWYG
Meaning
WYSIWYG implies a user interface that allows users to see something very similar to the final result when a document is being created. In general, WYSIWYG implies the ability to directly manipulate the layout of a document without having to type or remember the names of the layout commands. The true meaning depends on the user's perspective, e.g.
- In a presentation program, compound document, and web page, WYSIWYG means the display exactly represents the display of the page displayed to the end user, but does not necessarily reflect how the page will print unless the printer specifically matches the editing program, Xerox Star and early versions of Apple Macintosh.
- In word processing and desktop publishing applications, WYSIWYG means that the display simulates the appearance and represents the font effect and line breaks in the final depiction using a custom printer configuration, so, for example, the excerpt on page 1 of a 500 page document can accurately refer to reference three hundred pages later.
- WYSIWYG also explains how to manipulate 3D models in stereo-chemistry, computer-aided design, and 3D computer graphics.
Modern software does a good job of optimizing screen display for certain types of output. For example, word processors are optimized for output to a regular printer. This software often emulates printer resolution to be as close as possible to WYSIWYG. However, that is not the main attraction of WYSIWYG, which is the ability of the users to be able to visualize what they produce.
In many situations, subtle differences between what users see and what users get are not important. In fact, applications can offer multiple WYSIWYG modes with different levels of "realism", including
- Composition mode, where the user sees something somewhat similar to the final result, but with useful additional information when writing, such as section pieces and non-printing characters, and uses a more conducive layout for compiling than the location.
- Layout mode, where users see something very similar to the end result, but with some useful additional information to ensure that the elements are aligned and spaced exactly, like a margin line.
- Preview mode, where the app tries to present a representation as close as possible to the end result.
Maps WYSIWYG
History
Prior to the adoption of the WYSIWYG technique, the text appears in the editor using standard system type fonts and styles with slight layout indications (margins, spaces, etc.). Users are required to enter a special non-print control code (now called markup tag code ) to indicate that some text must be bold, italic, or a different font or size. In this environment there is little difference between a text editor and a word processor.
This app typically uses marked markup languages ​​to specify code/tags. Each program has its own way of formatting documents, and it is a difficult and time consuming process to change from one word processor to another.
The use of tags and markup codes remains popular today in some applications due to their ability to store complex formatting information. When tags are created visible in the editor, however, they occupy space in unformatted text and interfere with the desired layout and flow.
Bravo, the document preparation program for Alto produced at Xerox PARC by Butler Lampson, Charles Simonyi and colleagues in 1974, is generally regarded as the first program to incorporate WYSIWYG technology, displaying text with formats (eg with justification, fonts, and proportional spacing of characters ). The Alto Monitor (72 PPI) is designed so that a full page of text can be viewed and then printed on the first laser printer. When text is put on the screen, 72 PPI font metric files are used, but when printed 300 PPI files are used - so people will sometimes find characters and words a bit, a problem that continues to this day. (72 PPIs come from a new size of 72 "PostScript points" per inch.) Prior to this, the standard size of 72.27 points per inch was used in typography design, graphic design, letters and printing.)
Bravo is released commercially and the software eventually included in Xerox Star can be seen as its direct descendant.
In line with but independent of the work at Xerox PARC, Hewlett Packard developed and released in late 1978 the first commercial WYSIWYG software application to produce overhead slides or what are today called presentation graphics. The first release, named BRUNO (after the HP sales training doll), runs on an HP 1000 computer that utilizes the HP first bitmap terminal of HP 2640. BRUNO is then ported to HP-3000 and re-released as "HP Draw".
In 1981 MicroPro advertised that its WordStar word processor had WYSIWYG, but its appearance was limited to displaying style text in WYSIWYG mode; The bold and italic texts will be represented on the screen instead of being surrounded by special tags or control characters. In 1983, Weekly Readers advertised Stickybear educational software with the slogan "what you see is what you get," with Apple II graphics photos, but home computers in the 1970s and the early 1980s lacked the sophistication of the graphics capabilities required to display WYSIWYG documents, meaning that such applications are usually limited to high-end, limited-purpose (eg IBM Displaywriter System) workstations that are too expensive for the general public to buy. However, by the mid-1980s, things began to change. Improved technology enabled the production of cheaper bitmap displays, and WYSIWYG software began to appear for more popular computers, including LisaWrite for Apple Lisa, released in 1983, and MacWrite for Apple Macintosh, released in 1984.
The Apple Macintosh system was originally designed so that the screen resolution and resolution of the ImageWriter dot-matrix printers sold by Apple were easily upgraded: 72 PPI for screen and 144 DPI for printer. Thus, the scale and dimensions of on-screen display in programs such as MacWrite and MacPaint are easily translated into prints - if the paper is held to the screen, the printed image will be the same size as on the screen, but at twice the resolution. Because ImageWriter is the only printer model that is physically compatible with the Macintosh printer port, it creates an effective closed system. Then, when a Mac using an external display becomes available, the resolution is set to the screen size to reach 72 DPI. This resolution is often different from the standard VGA resolution that is common in the PC world at the time. So while the 15-inch (38 cm) Macintosh monitor has the same 640Ã, 480 resolution as the PC, the 16-inch (41 cm) screen will be fixed at 832  ° ÃÆ'â € "624 than 800Ã, 600 Resolution used by PCs. With the introduction of third-party dot-matrix printers as well as laser printers and multisync monitors, the resolution deviates from multiples of screen resolution, making the actual WYSIWYG more difficult to achieve.
In 2012, Wikipedia offers a WYSIWYG editor called VisualEditor, which allows Wikipedia editing done without looking at the page source.
Etymology
The phrase "what you see is what you get", from which the acronym came from, is the slogan popularized by the attraction of Flip Wilson Geraldine, first appeared in September 1969, then regularly in the early 1970s on > The Flip Wilson Show . The phrase is a statement that demands acceptance of Geraldine's entire personality and appearance.
In addition, some songs and hit albums debuted in 1971 which can also contribute to the popularization of this phrase, including What You See Is What You Get with Stoney & Meatloaf, Stand by Me (Whatcha See Does Whatcha Get) by Bernard Purdie and Whatcha See Does Whatcha Get by The Dramatics.
Since it is related to computing, there are several claims for the first use of the phrase: In mid-1975, John W. Seybold, founder of Seybold Publications, and researcher at PARC, incorporated Gypsy software into Bravo to create Bravo 3, which allows text to be printed as it appears. Charles Simonyi and other engineers used the popular phrase Flip Wilson around that time.
Criticism
Since WYSIWYG application designers typically have to take into account different output devices, each having different capabilities, there are a number of issues to be solved in each implementation. This can be seen as reciprocal between several design goals, and therefore applications using different solutions may be suitable for different purposes.
Typically, the design goals of a WYSIWYG app may include the following:
- Provide high-quality prints on certain printers
- Provides high-quality prints on various printers
- Delivers high-quality screen output
- Allow users to visualize the look of the document when it is printed
- Allow users to visualize what a website looks like when it's published
It is usually impossible to achieve all of these goals at once.
The main problem that must be addressed is the varying output resolution. By 2016, monitors typically have resolutions between 102 and 125 pixels per inch. Printers generally have resolutions between 240 and 1440 pixels per inch; in some printers, the horizontal resolution is different from vertical. This becomes a problem when trying to organize text; because the older output technology requires the distance between characters to a number of pixels, rounding errors will cause the same text to require different amounts of space in different resolutions.
The solution for this includes the following:
- Always place text using a higher resolution than the user might use in practice. It can produce low-quality output for lower-resolution devices (although spatial anti-aliasing techniques can help reduce this), but provide a fixed layout, allowing easy user visualization. This is the method used by Adobe Acrobat.
- Describes the text at the resolution of the printer where the document will print. This can result in low-quality display on the screen, and the layout can sometimes change if the document is printed on a different printer (although this problem is less common with high-resolution printers, due to smaller rounding errors). This is the method used by Microsoft Word.
- Describes the text at a particular printer resolution (in most cases the default) whose documents will be printed using the same font and kerning information. The position of the characters and the number of characters in a line exactly matches the printed document.
- Describes the text at the resolution for the output device to be sent. This often results in layout changes between the on-screen display and the print output, so it is rarely used. It is common in web page designer tools that claim to be WYSIWYG, however.
Other issues that have been encountered in the past include different fonts used by printers and on-screen displays (mostly solved with the use of downloadable font technologies such as TrueType) and different color profiles between devices (mostly solved by printer drivers with conversion software good color models).
Apart from these issues, WYSIWYG's own practice has been condemned because it diverts attention from the writing process.
Related acronym
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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