The Tehran Metro (Persian: ????? ????? ?, Metro-ye Tehr? n ) is a fast transit system serving Tehran, the capital of Iran. The system consists of 7 operational metro lines (and an additional commuter rail line), with construction going on three lanes including the western extension of line 4, line 6 and line 7.
The Tehran Metro carries more than 3 million passengers daily. In 2014, 815 million trips are made in Tehran Metro. By 2015, the total system is 221 kilometers (137 mi) long, 162 kilometers (101 mi) where a metro-class train. It is planned to have a length of 430 kilometers (270 mi) with 9 lanes after all construction is completed by 2020.
On all days of the week, the Metro service operates from around 05:30 to 23:00.
This line uses a standard gauge and is mostly underground. Ticket price is 1000 Toman Iran for each trip (about USD 25 Â ¢), regardless of distance traveled, but using prepaid ticket fee is much less. Seniors can travel for free on the metro. In all Tehran metro, the first train and a half of the second carriage from each end are reserved for women who do not want to ride with men in the same car. Women can still ride other cars freely.
Video Tehran Metro
Histori
The initial plan of Metro Tehran, which will be Iran's first metro system, was laid before the Iranian revolution in the 1970s. In 1970, the Organization of Plans and Budget and the City of Tehran announced an international tender for the construction of a metro in Tehran. The French company, SOFRETU, affiliated with the state-owned Paris transport authority, RATP, won the tender and in the same year began a preliminary study of the project. In 1974 a final report with so-called "metro-road" proposals was tendered. The street metro system recommends road network by way of express loop in the central area and two highways for new urban areas and an 8-lane metro network equipped with bus network and taxi service. The geological survey began in 1976. In 1978 construction on the line began in northern Tehran by a French company, but this development was short-lived with the advent of the Iranian Revolution and the Iran-Iraq War in 1979 and 1980 respectively. SOFRETU ceased operations in Iran in December 1980. On March 3, 1982, Iranian Cabinet ministers formally declared a halt to Tehran Metro operations by French companies.
In 1985, the "Tehran Metro Execution Plan" was re-approved by Majles , the Iranian Parliament, on the basis of the legal project "Amendment to the Law of the Establishment of the Railway Company of the Urban and Tehran Suburbs" established at Farvardin 1364 ( April 1985). This is a literal continuation of the exact same project that had been put before the revolution. Work is slow because of the ongoing and often stalled Iran-Iraq War.
In the summer of 1985, the urban pressures from the rapid urbanization population, and the lack of a public transport system developed encouraged the work to be resumed in earnest. "Line 1" (From Blvd Shahid Ayatollah Haghani to Rey Town) and the extension to the Behesht-e-Zahra Cemetery were prioritized. "Line 2" (From Dardasht in Tehran's Pars district to Sadeghiyeh Second Square) and the extension to Kota Karaj and Mehrshahr district are also secondary priorities. Studies were also made to define Lines 3 & amps previously designed. 4. It was decided that an organization with the name of the Metro Company should be established to handle future system development.
After this phase, the Metro Company is managed by Asghar Ebrahimi Asl for eleven years. During this time, hundreds of millions of dollars were spent on the system and the Metro Company was granted a government concession for the exploitation of the iron ore mine at Bandar Abbas (Hormuzgan Province), the exploitation and sale of the Diotomit Moghan mine in Azarbaijan Province, the exports of refineries from the Isfahan refinery and the factory Isfahan steel [1]. A year after Asghar Ebrahimi Asl left the management of Metro Company and Mohsen Hashemi replaced it, the first line of Metro Tehran was launched between Tehran and Karaj.
On March 7, 1999, a Tehran-Karaj mainland declared an electric train to start a 31.4 km (19.5 mi) service between Azadi Square (Teheran) and Malard (Karaj) calling an intermediate station in Vardavard. The line was built by Chinese company NORINCO.
The Tehran metro line 5 began operations in 1999 and is the first metro system in Iran.
From 2000 onwards, commercial operations started at Lines 1 and 2. The carriages on this line were provided by the CRV through CNTIC. The railway and the points on this line are provided by the Austrian company Voestalpine.
Metro uses equipment manufactured by various international companies: a double-deck passenger car for the Tehran-Karaj regional line is supplied by CRV (though some trains come from SEGC) via CNTIC and assembled by Wagon Pars factory in Arak.
In 2010 about $ 2 billion has been spent on the Metro project. Metro Tehran carries about 2.5 million passengers daily through 7 operational lines (Lines 1,2,3,4,5,7,8). It also has one additional line under construction (Line 6), and an additional two lines in the engineering phase. 80 new carts have been added to the system in September 2012 to ease transportation and reduce busy hour congestion. Iran is able to produce its needs in carts and trains independently.
A 2.8 kilometer (1.7 million) line from Line 4 begins to walk to Mehrabad International Airport on March 15, 2016. The 31km (19 mi) express route to Imam Khomeini International Airport opened in August 2017.
Maps Tehran Metro
Lines
Path 1
Line 1, red on the system map, is 28.1 kilometers (17.5 mi) long, where 14.9 km (9.3 mi) is underground (from Tajrish station to Shoush-Khayyam crossing) and the rest runs On surface. There are 29 stations along this line, where 22 stations are located underground and 7 above ground. By 2018, the total capacity of line 1 is 650,000 passengers per day, with trains stopping at each station for 20 seconds. Each train consists of seven carriages, with a nominal capacity of 1,300 passengers sitting and standing. The maximum speed of the train is 80 km/h (50 mph) which is muted to an average of 45 km/h (28 mph) due to station stops along the route.
Line 1 mostly runs to the north-south. A 4.1 kilometers (2.5 mi), three extension stations from the line from Mirdamad station to Qolhak station opened on May 20, 2009. 4 kilometers (2.5 mi), four second phase stations from this expansion from Qolhak station to Tajrish Square finished in year 2011. Construction will be completed in March 2007 but faces a major problem due to large rocks and rock beds in the tunnel section as well as water drainage issues. It also faces major financing problems as the government has refused to spend the funds allocated to the project to the municipality.
Since August 2017, one of the Line 1 stations, Darvazeh Dowlat is open 24 hours a day, to accommodate passengers traveling to and from Imam Khomeini Airport via Line 8.
Line 2
This line was opened between Sadeghieh and Imam Khomeini in February 2000. Line 2 is 26 kilometers (16 miles) long, with 19.6 km (12.2 million) underground and 2.4 kilometers (1.5 mi) raised. There are 22 stations along the route, where Imam Khomeini Station is divided by Line 1. Line 2 is blue on the system map and runs mostly east-west through the city.
The line was extended from Imam-Khomeini to Baharestan Metro Station in 2004, and to Shahid Madani, Sarsabz and Elm-o-Sanat University in March 2006 with an intermediary station, Darvazeh Shemiran and Sabalan, opened in July 2006. Further extended from Elm-o-Sanat University to Teher Pars in February 2009, and to Farhangsara in June 2010. The extension phase to the new eastern terminal is under construction.
Line 3
Line 3 moves from northeast to southwest. Line 3 is one of the most important routes as it connects southwest Tehran to the northeast, across the busy part of the capital, and can help alleviate traffic problems. Approximately 7 kilometers (4.3 mi) Line 3 became operational in December 2012, followed by 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) in April 2014, and finally, the last part of the line that is 18 kilometers (11 mi) opened in September 22 , 2015, increasing the line length to a total of 37 kilometers (23 mi), and serving 15 stations by December 2015.
Line 4
The line is 22 km (14 miles) long with 18 stations. connecting the western part of Tehran to the east. This line originally runs through Ekbatan (western Tehran) to Kolahdooz (east Tehran). The construction of the western extension to line 4 has begun in 2012 connecting the Ecbatan to Chaharbagh Sq. This extension includes 3 stations. The sub-lines of this line connect the Bimeh station to Mehrabad Airport. This sub-line has 2 stations in Terminal 1 & amp; 2 and Terminal 4 & amp; 6.
Part 1, from Ferdowsi Square to Darvazeh Shemiran, opened in April 2008. Part 2 of Darvazeh shemiran to Shohada Square opened in February 2009. On May 24, 2009, Part 3 of Ferdowsi Square to Enghelab Square was opened. On July 23, 2012, two more stations were unveiled, connecting line 4 with line 5.
There are currently 18 stations operating on Line 4, yellow on the system map.
Line 5
Line 5 is green on the system map; it is a 43km (27 mile) commuter train line and has 11 stations. Enter the Karaj area with the main stations in Karaj and Golshahr. It connects with the west end of Line 2 at Tehran station (Sadeghiyeh), and with the western end of Line 4 at Eram-e Sabz Metro Station.
Line 6
This line is under construction. When completed this line will be 33 km long with 19 stations as it connects southeast Tehran to the northwest. A tunnel boring machine (TBM) is used to build a tunnel. TBM uses a balanced blood pressure method to bypass safe urban areas without significant settlement.
Line 7
This line, similar to line 6, and different from line 3, runs from northwest to southeast and is built with modern TBM machines. The first phase, a compromise of 18 km (11 mi) of lanes and 7 stations opened in June 2017.
Line 8
Line 8 connects Tehran to Imam Khomeini International Airport. The first phase, to Shahr-e-Aftab station, opened in 2016, and the airport station opened in August 2017. It is the only metro line in Tehran that is really open 24 hours a day (even if the frequency is only 80 minutes...), to accommodate passengers from late night and early morning flights (Darvazeh Dowlat Station Line 1 is the only other metro station outside Line 8 with that classification). The third phase, which is currently under construction, will extend Line 8 to the Parand satellite city and bring the total line length to 50 km (31 mi). The speed of 120 km (75 mi) per hour classifies it as an express train line, the first of its kind in Tehran Metro.
Interchange station
- Darvazeh Shemiran; Lines 2 and 4
- Shahid Beheshti; Lines 1 and 3
- Darvazeh Dowlat; Lines 1 and 4
- Emam Khomeyni; Lines 1 and 2
- Theater-e Shahr; Lines 3 and 4
- Shademan; Lines 2 and 4
- Sadeghiyeh; Lines 2 and 5
- Eram Sabz; Rows 4 and 5
- Shahed; Rows 1 and 8
- Meydan-e Mohammadiyeh; Rows 1 and 7 (operational on line 1, operation limited to line 7)
- Shahid Navvab-e Safavi; Lines 2 and 7 (operational on line 2, limited operational on line 7)
- Daneshgah-e Emam Ali; Lines 2 and 3 (operational on line 2, Under construction on line 3)
- Meydan-e Shohada; Lines 4 and 6 (operational on line 4, currently built on line 6)
- Imam Hossein; Lines 2 and 6 (operational on line 2, currently built on line 6)
- Haft-e-Tir; Lines 1 and 6 (operational on line 1, being built on line 6)
- Meydan-e Vali Asr; Lines 3 and 6 (operational on line 3, currently built on line 6)
- Towhid; Lines 4 and 7 (operational on line 4, currently being built on line 7)
- Mahdiyeh; Lines 3 and 7 (Operations on Line 3, currently being built on line 7).
Security
All routes are equipped with automatic train protection (ATP), automatic train stops (ATS), centralized traffic control (CTC), and SCADA. More and more residents use the metro due to an increase in peak hours, more stations opening and overall increases with new escalators, elevators, and air conditioning on trains.
On July 18, 2007, an area of ​​twenty square meters is directly adjacent to the entrance of Toupkhaneh metro station. There were no casualties, but the station had to undergo many improvements. On April 15, 2012, the Mianrood River's security wall was damaged by heavy rains in Tehran, and as a result, 300,000 cubic meters of water entered the 4th metro tunnel. The two closest stations were under construction so Metro operators had enough time to evacuate other stations from passengers. No one was killed, but the water depth at Habib-o-llah station, the deepest station on Line 4, is estimated to be close to 18 meters. It took nearly two weeks to reopen the previously operating flood stations.
Complaint
The Organization of Cultural Heritage of Iran has complained that the vibrations caused by Metro have a significant and very detrimental effect on the Masudieh Palace in the Baharestan neighborhood of central Tehran. The Cultural Heritage Organization also complains of vibrations near other historic sites such as the Golestan Palace and the National Museum of Iran. However, engineers and technical experts believe that it is a sound that induces a sense of the wrong vibrations and like many metro systems in big cities, no undesired impacts are likely to occur.
The other main complaint is the lack of transfer stations between lines 2 and 3. This lack of traffic causes passengers to move to line 4, travel to several stations along this very crowded line, and transfer again.
Tehran Metro Trailer
Gallery
See also
References
External links
- Tehran Metro (official site) (in English)
- The Official Site of the Iranian Railway
- Metro Dynamic Navigation System (MDNS)
- Video clips from one of the Tehran Metro stations
- Network map (scale)
- Tehran Metro app for Android
- Tehran Metro app for badaOS
- Tehran Metro Map PDF (in Persian)
- UrbanRail.Net - description of all metro systems in the world, each with a schematic map showing all stations.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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