SMS Helgoland , the flagship vessel of its class, is a dreadnought shipwreck ship of the German Navy. Helgoland ' describes additional improvements to Nassau's previous classes, including an increase in bore diameter from the main gun, from 28 cm (11 inches) to 30.5 cm (12 inches). The throw was set on November 11, 1908 at the Howaldtswerke shipyard in Kiel. Helgoland was launched on 25 September 1909 and commissioned on 23 August 1911.
Like most warships from the High Sea Fleet, Helgoland saw limited action against the Royal Navy during World War I. The ship participated in some fruitless sweeps into the North Sea as an explosive force for the battlecruisers of the I Scout Group. He saw several limited tasks in the Baltic Sea against the Russian Navy, including serving as part of a support force during the Battle of Riga Bay in August 1915. Helgoland was present at the Battle of Jutland on 31 May to 1 June 1916, though he was in the midst of the German battle line and not too much involved as KÃÆ'¶nig <- i
Video SMS Helgoland
Construction
Helgoland was ordered by the German Imperial Navy ( Kaiserliche Marine ) under the provisional name of Ersatz Siegfried , in lieu of the old coastal defense ship Siegfried . The contract for the vessel was awarded to Howaldtswerke at Kiel in building number 500. The work began on December 24, 1908 with the laying of its keel, and the ship was launched less than a year later, on September 25, 1909. The installation, including the completion of the superstructure and armament installation, lasted until August 1911 Helgoland , named for the offshore islands deemed essential for the Kiel Canal defense, was assigned to the High Sea Fleet on August 23, 1911, just under three years from the time the work began, at a cost of 46,196 million mark gold.
The vessel has a length of 167.2 m (548 ft), has a beam of 28.5 m (93 ft 6 in) and a draft of 8.94 m (29 ft 4 in), and displaces 24,700 metric tons (24,310 tonnes) in load full. He is powered by three triple vertical steam expansion engines, which produce a top speed of 20.8 knots (38.5 km/h; 23.9 mph). Helgoland stores up to 3,200 metric tons (3,100 tons) of coal, allowing it to steam for 5,500 nautical miles (10,200 km, 6,300 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h h 12 mph). After 1915, the boiler was modified to burn oil; ships can carry up to 197 metric tons (194 tonnes long) of fuel oil.
Helgoland was armed with a twelve 30.5 cm (12.0 inch) long battery of SK L/50 weapons in six twin towers, with one front tower, one stern and two on each side of the ship. The ship's secondary armament consisted of fourteen 15 cm (5.9 inch) SK L/45 and sixteen 8.8 cm (3.5 inch) weapons of SK L/45 weapon. After 1914, two of the 8.8 cm weapons were removed and replaced with a 8.8 cm anti-aircraft gun. Helgoland is also equipped with six torpedo tubes submerged 50 cm (20 inches).
Maps SMS Helgoland
Service history
After commissioning, Helgoland replaces the pre-dreadnought Hannover in Squadron I Battle. On 9 February 1912, Helgoland 'crew defeated Germany's record for loading coal, taking 1,100 tons of coal on board in two hours; The previous record was held by the Nassau crew of Nassau Posen crew. Kaiser Wilhelm II congratulated the crew on the orders of the Cabinet. In March, a fleet training maneuver was conducted in the North Sea, followed by another round of training in November. The fleet was also trained at Skagerrak and Kattegat during the November exercises. The following year followed a similar training pattern, although summer cruises to Norway were institutionalized.
On July 10, 1914, Helgoland left Jade Estuary to take part in an annual summer training cruise to Norway. The fleet, along with several German U Boats, was assembled in Skagen on July 12 to train torpedo ship attacks, individual ship maneuvers, and search techniques. The fleet arrived at the Fjord of Songe on July 18, but Helgoland had to wait until midnight for the port pilot to guide him into the limited fjord waters. Helgoland merged with Friedrich der Grosse , light cruiser Magdeburg and Kaiser Hohenzollern cruise ship in Balholm. On the same day, Helgoland took 1,250 tons of coal from a Norwegian collier. The next morning Helgoland joined his sister Oldenburg , and two ships sailed back to Germany, arriving on the morning of July 22nd. On the night of August 1, the captain announced to the crew that Kaiser had ordered the navy to prepare for hostility with the Russian Navy.
World War I
At the beginning of World War I, Helgoland was assigned to Division I, I Battle Squadron. Helgoland is stationed outside the heavily guarded Wangerooge island on August 9th. Mines and pickets from cruisers, torpedo boats, and submarines were also stationed there to defend Wilhelmshaven. Helgoland ' s the machine is constantly running for its entire placement, so that it will be ready to respond on the spot. Four days later, on August 13, Helgoland returned to Wilhelmshaven to refuel. The next day, the naval reserve troops began to arrive to fill the wartime appendages for German warships.
The first major naval action in the North Sea, Battle of Helgoland Bight, took place on August 28, 1914. Helgoland was re-placed from Wangerooge. Despite its proximity to the battle, Helgoland was not sent to assist the besieged German explorer, as he could not take risks in unsupported attacks against the superior British troops. Instead, the ship is ordered to drop anchor and wait for help by ThÃÆ'¼ringen . At 4:30, Helgoland received an order to join Ostfriesland and sailed out of the harbor. At 5 o'clock, the two warships met the battered cruisers Frauenlob and Stettin . At 7:30, the ships returned to the harbor for the night. Three days later, on August 31, Helgoland was put into a drydock for treatment. On the afternoon of September 7th, Helgoland and the rest of the High Sea Fleet made a training voyage to the main island of Heligoland.
The first major operation of the war in which Helgoland took part was the attacks in Scarborough, Hartlepool and Whitby on 15-16 December 1914. The attack was carried out by the battlecruisers of I Scouting Group; Helgoland and other dreadnoughts from the High Sea Fleet steamed in the far support of Franz von Hipper battlecruisers. Friedrich von Ingenohl, commander of the High Sea Fleet, decided to take over the station in the middle of the North Sea, about 130 miles east of Scarborough.
The Royal Navy, which recently received a German code book taken from Magdeburg explorers, realizes that the operation is in progress, but is not sure where Germany will attack. Therefore, Admiralty ordered the Battlecruiser Squadron David Beatty, six warships from the 2nd Battle Squadron, and several cruisers and destroyers to intercept the German warships. However, Beatty's duty troops almost ran quickly across the High Sea Fleet. At 6:20 pm, the Beatty destroyer screen is in contact with the German torpedo battleship V155 . It started a bewildering battle, 2 hours between British destroyers and German cruiser and destroyer screens, often at very close distances. At the first meeting, Helgoland class helicopters were less than 10 nautical miles (19 km per kilometer) from six British aircraft carriers; this is almost within range of fire, but in the dark, no English or German admirals are aware of the composition of their fleet of enemies. Admiral Ingenohl, conscious of Kaiser's order not to risk a fleet of battles without his consent, concluded that his troops were involved on the screen of the Great Fleet, and thus, 10 minutes after the first contact, he ordered a turn to the southeast.. A further attack delayed the turn, but by 06:42, it was done. For about 40 minutes, both fleets billow on a parallel path. At 07:20, Ingenohl ordered a further shift to the port, which put his ship on track for the security of the German base.
On January 17, Ingenohl ordered Helgoland to go back to the dock for further treatment, but he did not go to the drydock until three days later, due to the difficulty passing the channel lock. In the middle of the month, Helgoland left the dock; The place is then filled with the armored SMS cruiser Roon . On February 10, Helgoland and the rest of Squadron I sailed out of Wilhelmshaven to Cuxhaven, but the thick mist blocked the movement for two days. The ships then docked at Brunsbüttel before proceeding through the Kiel Canal to Kiel. The crew conducted a cannon training with primary and secondary weapons as well as torpedo shooting exercises on March 1. The following night the crew conducted a night battle training. On March 10 the squadron re-passed the key to returning to Wilhelmshaven. Mist longer slowed progress, and the ship did not reach the harbor until March 15.
Battle of the Bay of Riga
Helgoland , his three sisters, and four warships Nassau were assigned to a task force that would cover a robbery to the Bay of Riga in August 1915. The German flotilla, which was under the command of Vice Admiral Franz von Hipper, also includes Von der Tann's battlecruisers Von der Tann Moltke and Seydlitz, some light cruisers, 32 destroyers and 13 minesweepers. The plan calls for channels in Russian mines to be swept so that the presence of the Russian navy, which belongs to the pre-warship Slava, can be eliminated. Germany would then lay their own minefield to prevent Russian ships from returning to the abyss. Helgoland and the majority of other large ships from the High Sea Fleet remain outside the bay for the entire operation. The dreadnoughts Nassau and Posen were released on August 16 to escort the mine sweepers and to destroy Slava , even though they failed to drown the old warship. After three days, the Russian minefield has been cleared, and the fleet entered the ravine on August 19, but reports from Allied submarines in the area drove the German withdrawal from the ravine the next day.
Battle of Jutland
Under Captain von Kameke's command, Helgoland fought at the Battle of Jutland, beside his sister ship at the Battle of Squadron I. For most battles, the Battle of Skadron I formed the center of the battle line, behind the Battle of Skeletons Admiral Behncke III, and was followed by pre-dreadnoughts behind the Admiral of the Elderly of the IIÃ, Battle Squadron.
Helgoland and his sister first entered a live battle shortly after 18:00. The German line billows north and encounters the destroyers of Nomad and Nestor , which have been previously disabled in battle. Nomad , who had been attacked by Kaiser class vessel on the front line, exploded and drowned at 6:30 pm, followed five minutes later by Nestor , drowned by the main and secondary shoots of Helgoland , ThÃÆ'¼ringen and several other German warships. At 19:20, Helgoland and several other warships began firing at HMS Warsih, which, along with other Queen Elizabeth warships from the Battle Squadron 5, has been chasing the German battlecruiser forces. The shooting stopped quickly, as the Germans lost their targets; Helgoland only fired about 20 bullets from his main weapon.
At 20:15, during the third
At 23:30, the High Sea Fleet had entered its nightly exploration formation. The order has been largely reversed, with four Nassau class vessels in front, followed directly by Helgoland with Kaiser and KÃÆ'Â < nig s astern of them. The back again was raised by pre-thought parents; German battlecruisers who are attacked at this time are scattered. Around midnight on June 1, Helgoland's class vessels - and Nassau - class in the center of the German line in contact with the British 4th Destroyer Flotilla. The 4th Flotilla decided on a temporary action to regroup, but at about 1am, unknowingly stumbled to the German dreadnuts for the second time. Helgoland and Oldenburg fired on two prominent British destroyers. Helgoland fired six salvo from his secondary weapon at the Fortune destroyer before he succumbed to a severe beating. Shortly afterwards, Helgoland redirected fire to an unknown destroyer; Helgoland fired five salvo from his 15 cm rifle for unknown effects. British destroyers launched torpedoes on German ships, but they managed to avoid them by turning right.
Upon returning to German waters, Helgoland and Thierdingen, along with Nassau, Nassau's warship class, Posters , and Westfalen , taking a defensive position on the Jade highway for the night. During the battle, the ship suffered only minor damage; Helgoland was hit by a 15 inch single shell, but suffered minimal damage. Nevertheless, dry docking is required to repair a hole in the belt armor. Work completed on June 16th. During the battle, Helgoland has fired 63 main battery batteries, and 61 bullets from his 15 cm rifle.
Later career
After the Battle of Jutland, Admiral Scheer argued that the fleet could not break the British sea blockade, that only the resumption of unlimited U-boat battles would succeed. As a result, the High Sea Fleet remained largely at the port, with the exception of two surprise attacks in August and October 1916. In April 1917, Helgoland accidentally hit a new Hindenburg battlecruiser. >, who is in the process of going out, as she leaves her bed. In October 1917 Helgoland, at the company with Oldenburg, went to Amrum to receive the light cruiser Brummer and Bremse. , who returned from an attack on a British convoy to Norway. On November 27, the ship crossed the Kaiser Wilhelm Canal to the Baltic, but did not participate in the occupation of the islands of the Gulf of Riga. The third and final fleet progress took place in April 1918, but was cut short when Moltke's battlecruiser developed a mechanical problem and had to be pulled back to port.
Helgoland and his three sisters had taken part in the final fleet action days before the Armistice came into force. Most of the High Sea Fleet have been sorted from their base in Wilhelmshaven to involve the Great British Fleet; Scheer - now the Grand Admiral ( GroÃÆ'Ÿadmiral ) of the fleet - intended to inflict as much damage as possible on the British navy, to maintain a better bargaining position for Germany, albeit expected by casualties. However, many sailors who are tired from the war feel the operation will disrupt the peace process and prolong the war. On the morning of October 29, 1918, an order was given to sail from Wilhelmshaven the next day. Beginning on the eve of 29 October, the sailors at ThÃÆ'¼ringen and then on several other warships rebelled.
At the beginning of the 31st, the crew of Helgoland , located just behind ThÃÆ'¼ringen at the port, joined in the rebellion. The First Squadron commander sent boats to Helgoland and ThÃÆ'¼ringen to remove the ship's officers, who were allowed to leave unscathed. He then tells the rebel crew that if they fail to retreat, both vessels will be cut down. After two torpedo boats arrived at the scene, the two ships surrendered; their crew was taken ashore and imprisoned. The rebellion then spread to land; on Nov. 3, an estimated 20,000 sailors, dock workers, and civilians are fighting in Kiel in a bid to secure the release of imprisoned rebels. On November 5, the red flag from the Socialists flying over every capital ship in Wilhelmshaven stores KÃÆ'¶nig . The next day, the seafaring council took over the base, and the train carrying the rebels from Helgoland and ThÃÆ'¼ringen was stopped at Cuxhaven, where people fled.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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