On January 18, 2012, a series of coordinated protests occurred against two proposed laws in the United States Congress - the Stop Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA). This follows a smaller protest at the end of 2011. The protests are based on concerns that the bill, intended to provide a stronger response to copyright infringement (colloquially known as piracy) arising outside the United States, contains possible actions violating online freedom of speech, websites, and the Internet community. The protesters also argue that there is no adequate safeguards to protect the site based on user-generated content.
The transition to official protests begins when some websites, including Reddit and English Wikipedia, are considered to temporarily close their content and redirect users to messages that oppose the proposed legislation. Other people, like Google, Mozilla, and Flickr, immediately show protests against action. Some shut down completely, while others keep some or all of their content accessible. According to Fight for the Future protest organizers, more than 115,000 websites joined the internet protests. In addition to online protests, there were simultaneous physical demonstrations in several US cities, including New York City, San Francisco, and Seattle, and separately during the December 2011 mass boycott of Go Daddy which was then supportive. Protests are reported globally.
The January protest, originally planned to coincide with the first SOPA trial of the year, attracted publicity and reaction. A few days before the action, the White House issued a statement that it would "not support legislation that reduces freedom of expression, increases cybersecurity risks, or damages the dynamic and innovative global Internet." On January 18 alone, more than 8 million people sought their representatives on Wikipedia, 3 million people sent an email to Congress to express opposition to the bill, more than 1 million messages were sent to Congress through the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a petition on Google recorded above 4.5 million signatures, Twitter noted at least 2.4 million SOPA-related tweets, and MPs gathered "over 14 million names - over 10 million of those voters - who contacted them to protest" the bill.
During and after the January protests, a number of politicians who previously supported the bill expressed concerns with proposals in the existing form, while others withdrew their full support. Internationally, the "spicy" criticism of the bill was voiced by World Wide Web inventor Sir Tim Berners-Lee, as well as European Commissioner for Digital Agenda. Some observers have criticized the tactics used; Boston Herald describes service withdrawal as proof of "how incredibly powerful these cyber oppressors are." Motion of America Film Association chairman Chris Dodd stated that coordinated shutdown is "the abuse of power due to the freedom that these companies enjoy on the market today." Others like The New York Times saw the protest as "the coming of political future for the technology industry."
On January 20, 2012, the political environment on both bills has shifted significantly. Charges are removed from further voting, as if they would be revised to consider issues raised, but according to The New York Times may be "suspended" after "flying away from bills". Opponents noted that the bills had been "postponed indefinitely" but warned that they were "not dead" and "going back."
Video Protests against SOPA and PIPA
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Background to bill
The Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) and the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA) are bills that were introduced to the United States and United States Senate Representatives in the last quarter of 2011. Both are responses to US law enforcement issues. laws against websites outside of US jurisdiction. Although the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) and other existing laws are generally considered effective against illegal content or activities on US-based sites, the action is more difficult on overseas websites. SOPA and PIPA propose to fix this by bypassing infringing sites from their US-based (mainly advertising) funds, payment processors, search engine appearances, and visibility in web browsers. The main providers of all these services are mostly based in the US. In particular, the provisions also involve modification of the DNS system, essential services that support the entire Internet and enable computers to search reliably around the world.
Proponents include, but are not limited to, media companies and industry associations such as the American Picture Film Association, the Recording Industry Association of America and the Entertainment Software Association. Advocates generally identify the need to have more effective laws to combat the sale of domestic illegal products and services, counterfeiting and selling of products (such as prescription drugs, athletic shoes, and cosmetics), and troubling worldwide copyright infringement activities to prevent them comes from outside the United States.
Opponents include a mix of technology and Internet companies and associations, creators such as the Wikipedia community, free software makers, free speech organizations, MPs, and other websites and organizations, as well as community members who use their services. They commonly identify two major areas of severe side effects: (1) effects on Internet websites, community and user-generated content, and (2) effects on very basic Internet architecture and security:
- Effects on websites, web communities, and user-generated content - Scope, language, definitions, procedures, solutions, and conditions for immunity after allegations are deemed not to be narrow enough and well -defined. Legal analysts suggest that cruel court orders can be obtained without difficulty to "delete" the entire site, without dialogue or notice, legal process, or liability for compensation if wrong, even if the site is legitimate. Consequences perceived include serious contempt for free speech on the Internet, the destruction of the Internet community, and the widespread closure and coldness of websites, especially those including user-generated content or organizations such as libraries that provide reference information. Observers also note that legislation can be used strategically against legitimate competitors or during elections.
- Effects on Critical Internet Architectures - Technical experts testify that the proposed DNS measures conflict with the fundamental fundamentals of the Internet and will "undermine" ongoing efforts to make the web more safe against harmful use.
Google policy director Bob Boorstin states that sites like YouTube that support user-generated content "will soon be dark" to comply with the law. Tumblr, one of the first websites active in grassroots activism opposed the bill, added a feature that "censored" its website on November 16, 2011, and Reddit's social media aggregator also became heavily involved.
Legislative and protest timeline
On November 16, 2011, the first hearing by the US House of Justice Committee Committee was marked by online protests involving black site banners, popularly described as "America's Day of Sensors".
On December 15, 2011, the first House House Judiciary hearing session took place for SOPA, before finally moving to the floor of the House. During the markup session, some proposed amendments to tackle technological and other issues were defeated. The mark-up process is delayed to resume after the new year.
Around this time, many websites began displaying banners and messages promoting their readers to contact Congress to stop the progress of the bill, and some websites began discussing or supporting the possibility of "blackout" before voting on SOPA in the House as a means of further protest. Reddit was the first major site to announce "Internet blackouts" for January 18, 2012, and several other sites soon followed, coordinating action for the day.
The crucial political response to the November 2011 protests was an outline in early December of a third alternative bill, bipartisan with the support of technology companies such as Google and Facebook, which have been superbly posted on the Internet to allow public comments and suggestions in light of widespread protests related to bills SOPA and PIPA. It was officially introduced as an Online Protection and Enforcement of the Digital Commerce Act (OPEN) in the Senate on December 17 by Senator Ron Wyden and in the House on January 18 by Representative Darrell Issa. It proposes enforcement placement in the hands of the United States International Trade Commission, guarding provisions that target payments and advertising for infringing websites, and strictly targeted words to avoid many other key areas of concern to SOPA and PIPA.
Online discussions about power outages and concerns over bills continue after hearing of markup and escalating in excellence. On January 11, Senator Patrick Leahy, PIPA's main sponsor, said about the provisions of DNS filtering, "I will propose the positive and negative effects of this provision learned before implementation", reported by several papers as the abolition of the provisions.. Opponents consider this a tactical withdrawal that allows reintroduction at a later stage and ignores other problems and provisions in PIPA, and evidence that the bill is not understood or examined by its own creator and that proposals for blackouts are a gai-ging effect. The momentum for the protests continues unchanged because the bills have just been postponed, and because of other controversial provisions.
Maps Protests against SOPA and PIPA
Protest November 16, 2011 ("American Censorship Day")
On November 16, 2011, SOPA was discussed by the US House Committee on Justice. Tumblr, Mozilla, Techdirt, and the Center for Democracy and Technology are among many Internet companies who are protesting by participating in the 'American Censorship Day', displaying black banners on top of their site logo with the words "STOP CENSORSHIP."
GoDaddy boycott December 2011
On December 22, 2011, users at Reddit proposed a boycott and a public day to switch from SOPA-SOPA supporters, GoDaddy, the world's largest ICANN accredited registrar, known as Moving Your Domain. The date was then set as December 29, 2011.
Popular websites that move domains include imgur, Wikimedia Foundation, and Cheezburger - which says it will remove more than 1,000 domains from GoDaddy if they continue to support SOPA.
On December 23rd, GoDaddy withdrew its support for SOPA, releasing a statement saying "GoDaddy will support it when and if the Internet community supports it." CEO Warren Adelman stated when asked that he could not commit to changing GoDaddy's position on the record in Congress, but said, "I will return it to our legislators, but I agree it is an important step"; when pressed, he said, "We will retreat and let others take the leadership role." Further anger is due to the fact that many Internet sites will experience shutdowns under SOPA, but GoDaddy is in a narrow excluded business class that will have immunity, while many other domain operators do not.
On December 26, 2011, a Google bomb began against GoDaddy to remove it from the # 1 spot on Google for the term "Domain Registration" in retaliation for supporting SOPA. This is then disseminated through Hacker News. Reddit users noted that on December 22, 2011, SOPA supporters found reactions that could arise from ignoring social media users.
The report until December 29 describes GoDaddy as a "bleeding" customer. On December 25, 2011 (Christmas Day), GoDaddy lost 16,191 domains as a result of the boycott. However, on December 29 alone, GoDaddy gained a net of 20,748 domains, twice as many as lost that day, attributed by Techdirt to a number of causes, especially customers who had moved earlier, and the response of customers who responded to their change of position more than SOPA. Protocol-Protestation January 18, 2012
Protestors
Wikimedia Community
On December 10, 2011, Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales drew attention to SOPA, which he described as "a far worse law" than the DDL intercettazioni (Bill Wiretapping) in Italy a few months earlier, and which is being traced quickly through the United States Congress under a "misleading title". He stated that he attended a high-level meeting on this subject, and wanted to gauge the taste of the English Wikipedia community on this issue, and in particular on the question of a similar blackout that was held successfully in October 2011 by the Italian Wikipedia editor of the media censorship law proposal in the country:
I think this will be a good time to read quickly the public feelings about this issue..... To be clear, this is NOT a vote of whether to strike or not. This is just a straw poll to show an overall interest. If this poll is firmly "opposed" then I will know that now. But even if this poll firmly in our "support" it will obviously go through a much longer process to get some sort of consensus around parameters, triggers, and time.
After an initial informal discussion that generated a positive response, the official consultation entitled "SOPA Initiative" was opened by the community to consider specific proposals and preferred options. This includes things like location (United States only or worldwide), and whether the content should be completely disabled or still accessible after the clickthrough page. Finally, the discussion led to a very supportive decision to blackout a 24-hour global site on January 18, disabling normal reading and editing functions, confirmed in a vote of around 1,800 editors. The blocking action is intentionally incomplete; users can access Wikipedia content from the mobile interface or mirror site, or if they disable JavaScript or other web browser functions. Within hours of the start of the blackout, many websites posted instructions to disable banners, by changing URLs, using browser add-ons like Adblock Plus or Greasemonkey, or interrupting the page from loading completely.
The voting officially affects the English Wikipedia alone; Other language editions and Wikimedia projects are left free to decide whether to hold their own protests given the worldwide potential impact of the law, with the technical support offered from the Foundation. Community editors of at least 30 other sister projects choose to do so.
On January 17, 2012, Jimmy Wales confirmed the results of community decisions and that the Wikimedia Foundation, which hosts the English Wikipedia website, will support community decisions. He called for a "public uprising" against the proposed law, feared by critics that it would threaten free speech. He added that factors such as funding or donations have not been part of the public's consideration, but the issue emerged as a "principled position" of the community, and that in his view "our best long-term prospects for Wikipedia in terms of our survival... depending on us principled ". He commented on the editor's reason for the decision:
Free speech includes the right not to speak. We are a volunteer community. We have written this thing that we believe to be a gift to the world. We do not charge anyone for it. It's available for free to anyone who wants to (use it). We are a charity. And I think it's important for people to realize that our community's ability to assemble and reward this kind of to the world depends on a particular legal infrastructure that enables people to share knowledge freely - that the First Amendment is very important in terms of the creation of such a thing.
Wikimedia Executive Director Sue Gardner posted the Foundation's support announcement for the embezzlement proposal on the Wikimedia blog. This post receives more than 7000 responses from the general public within the first 24 hours of its posting. The blackout lasted for 24 hours from 05:00 UTC (midnight Eastern Standard Time) on January 18th.
Despite support from those surveyed for the action, a small number of Wikipedia editors blacken their own user profile page or withdrew from their administrative positions in protest at the blackout; an editor stated that "his main concern is to put the organization in an advocacy role, and that is a slippery slope".
About 90% of the 2097 editors who participated in the elections supported joining the power outage. It is estimated that fewer than half of voters are from the United States, indicating that Wikipedia acts as a platform for the international community to express its opinions. The most common reason expressed by about a fifth editor is the sentiment that "SOPA is considered a worldwide threat". Most of the editors opposed to the participation were concerned with the perceived dissonance between the encyclopedic ethic of Wikipedia, neutrality and active participation in political issues (sentiment supported by about 4% of voting participants); only 0.3% of the participating editors suggest they support a stricter copyright regime.
Other websites
According to protest organizers
Mozilla Foundation changed the default start page of their Firefox web browser, blackened and provided links with more information about SOPA/PIPA bills and opposition to them, and to allow users to email their congressional representatives.
TV Tropes posts a black bar on top of the web page with the message "STOP SOPA".
The best-selling Mojang Minecraft game created a splash text that says "SOPA means LOSER in Swedish!"
A site called The Spoony Experiment, known for its funny robot mascot named Burton, turns the veranda into a more grotesque version, involving Burton's opaque versions and the words "Spoony Trial" replaced by a red text that says "Trial Already Ended", signifies proposed mortality from some websites.
Wired magazine website uses Javascript to place black bars on most of the text on their pages, as if the text were edited, outside of its key article on SOPA/PIPA; the reader can remove the bar with the click of the mouse.
The Flickr photo sharing website creates the ability for registered users to "censor" an unlimited number (up from the initial ten) photos as a demonstration of how SOPA/PIPA regulations will affect the site; user-selected photos are verbose, and include information text.
4chan contains banners and writings "censored" by users on all the drawing boards, which can be seen by hovering over it.
StumbleUpon added many links to the anti-SOPA/PIPA website.
A video circulated by League for Gamers (founded by Mark Kern and backed by ScrewAttack, Extra Credits Physical demonstration
In addition to online outages, demonstrations in cities like New York City, San Francisco and Seattle were held on January 18 to raise awareness of the two bills.
A series of pickets against the bill were held at the US Embassy in Moscow. Two pixels are captured.
Reactions
Pre-protest
Pengumuman pemadaman listrik dilaporkan di seluruh dunia. Media yang meliput berita termasuk ABC Australia, CBC, BBC, der Spiegel , Le Figaro , Le Monde , Libé ration , Fox News , The Guardian , Menafn, News Limited, Sky News, The Age , The Hindu >, The New York Times , Taipei Times , The Washington Post , The Wall Street Journal dan The Times of India .
Some media organizations including The Washington Post The Guardian , and NPR encourage "crowdsourcing solutions for those looking for answers" during Wikipedia outages by inviting users to ask questions about Twitter using hashtags #altwiki.
An executive of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) nicknamed the blackout plan as an example of "lies and distortions" that inflamed the lust when it failed to solve the problem of copyright infringement by "pulling people away from trying to resolve is a real problem, namely that foreigners continue to steal the hard work of Americans ". Former US Senator and MPAA Director Chris Dodd stated that the coordinated closure was "also the abuse of power due to the freedom that these companies enjoy on the market today."
Dick Costolo, CEO of the Twitter social networking site, refused calls for Twitter to join the protests, tweeting that "[c] losing global business in reaction to national one-issue politics is a stupid act." Initially, some Costolo's thoughts refer to all the blackout moves on January 18, but later clarified that he was referring to Twitter's hypothetical outage, and that he supported the Wikipedia outage itself.
The bill's sponsor, Representative Lamar S. Smith, called the blackout "a publicity stunt," and stated with reference to Wikipedia that "it is ironic that a website dedicated to providing information disseminates misinformation about the Online Hijacking Stops".
On 17 January 2012, in response to growing concerns over PIPA and SOPA, the White House stated that "it will not support legislation that reduces freedom of expression, increases cybersecurity risk, or damages the dynamic and innovative global Internet."
January 18
The Wikimedia Foundation reports that there are more than 162 million visits to the blackened version of Wikipedia over a 24-hour period, with at least 8 million front page usage sites looking for contact information for their US congressional representatives. The use of the Wikipedia front page increased enormously during outages with 17,535,733 page views recorded, compared to 4,873,388 the previous day. The Google-created and linked petition recorded more than 4.5 million signatures, while the Electronic Frontier Foundation reports that more than 1 million email messages are sent to congressmen via their site during outages. MSNBC reported that over 2.4 million Twitter messages about SOPA, PIPA, and blackouts were made over a 16-hour period on January 18; this includes Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who has not used the service since 2009, to encourage his followers to contact their congressman. Senator Ron Wyden (D-OR), the main contender of the bill, said that "MPs have collected more than 14 million names - more than 10 million of them voters" to protest the law.
Time reports that before the day ends, "political dominoes begin to fall... then drip turns into floods". It mentions ten senators who have announced their transition to opposing the bill and stated that "almost twice as many members of the House" have done so.
During outages, libraries at some universities use blackouts to remind students that the traditional paper encyclopaedia is available for research. Students who grew up switching to the internet to seek information are encouraged to visit the library as an alternative source of information. On Twitter, a hashtag #factswithoutWikipedia jokes with users posting a funny, fake "fact". Internet Users "Shocked" frustrated or angry at losing Wikipedia for the day Twitter used as an outlet; politicians also turned to Twitter when overwhelmed by a flood of public communications to support power outages. CTV News in Canada publishes a "survival guide" for "coping with outages" on their national website, citing Wikipedia in response to "burning questions such as" What is a chinchilla rodent? "And" What does 'rickrolling' mean? "the guides provided detailed instructions on how to circumvent the ban and access the English Wikipedia during protest. TVV called the protest" the date that will live in ignorance. "Creative America, a coalition representing film studios, entertainment unions, and television networks, uses blackouts electricity to encourage those who are affected by it to enjoy other forms of entertainment in lieu of their normal Internet activity, such advertisements appear in Times Square in New York City and on various websites.
Post-protest
The impact of coordinated actions is generally considered significant. Yochai Benkler from Berkman Center for Internet & amp; The public stated that the January 18 outage was "a powerful public demonstration to show that what has historically been seen as a technical system of rules that only affects the content industry has become something more," he added. "You have millions of citizens who care enough to act. That's not trivial. "California House member Darrell Issa called the collective effort an unprecedented way to disrupt the lobbying efforts of the back room, and the immediate political efficacy of online protests broadened marked in terms of the sleeping giant being woken up and new players in town. One of Silicon Valley's lobbyists said the content industry has "much to learn," noting that they do not have grassroots support: "There is no Facebook page to call your congressman to support PIPA and SOPA." The New York Times, which frames netizen revolts in terms of the new economy versus the old economy, underscores activism as "the coming of the political era for the technology industry." (James Grimmelmann, an Associate Professor at New York Law School, argues two months later that "The legal system like Soylent Green: they are made of people.If you want to protect civil liberties by law, you need to invite your vision- You know what law means.That's why the SOPA protests are so effective that they change the argument of justice into a real-world political power. ")
Newspaper editors have diverse views. The Boston Herald called the protest "annoyed" by "Internet powerhouses" saying, "within hours of online protest, political supporters of the bill... began to fall like flies, proving how powerful this cyber-bully can. "The New York Times describes the protest as" Listed, but as a Short Discomfort "and, also, offers opinions about protests and possible achievements. Technology writer BBC News, Rory Cellan-Jones argues that the power outage reaches its goal but may at the expense of Wikipedia's reputation. Bill Keller argues that "Jimmy Wales... has a higher profile as a combatant for the technology industry [and] gives credibility aura to libertarian alliances that range from Google's agrarian monetary-money Megatrons to anarchist hackers."
Media columnist David Carr writes in the New York Times that there are two lessons, one of which is "People who do not understand the Web should not try to reengineer", and others while businesses generally value their relationship with their customers , in the struggle between the media and technology companies, the latter has a "more chronic [ie ongoing] relationship, intimate relationship with consumers" and is likely to win.
Motion of America Film Association chairman Chris Dodd acknowledged that the content industry has lost its public relations battle with the Internet industry, adding that "[y] you already have an opponent that has the capacity to reach millions of people with one mouse click and no fact checker. say whatever they want. "Dodd called on Hollywood and Silicon Valley to compromise on legislation, but was also criticized for statements about Fox News saying that politicians would risk if campaign financing was cut off if they did not support the media industry proposal. The director of the public interest group Public Knowledge law is quoted on the organization's website as written:
Such a threat is not a way to hold the serious and serious discussions necessary to find out what is disturbing the film industry and seeking solutions. It is the arrogance of Hollywood in pushing bills through Congress without proper examination that causes them to be withdrawn; This threat also does not help to know what is plaguing the industry and how to solve their problems.
Among other media industry reactions, Creative America holds that "[t] hey misidentify this problem as a matter of your Internet, your Internet is being threatened, even their business model is required to comply with the rules, they mislead their big base." Records of American President Cary Sherman note that major television networks support legislation but, unlike Wikipedia and Google, do not use their platform to try to shape public opinion: "when Wikipedia and Google claim to be neutral sources of information that not only are not neutral but firmly complete and misleading, they deceive their users into accepting as truth what only self-serving political statements are. "
Rep. Lamar Smith, who sponsored SOPA, firmly stated in a commentary on Fox News that "the bill does not threaten the Internet, but it threatens the profits generated by foreign criminals targeting the US market and deliberately stealing intellectual property by trading in counterfeit or pirated goods. "Speaking on the Senate floor on January 23, Senator Leahy repeated his objections to the protests, saying:
Websites like Wikipedia and YouTube... will not be subject to billing terms. That Wikipedia and some other websites decided to "go dark" on January 18 was their choice, self-imposed and not caused by law and could not. It was disappointing that the sites linked to the description of this law were misleading and one side. The Internet should be the place for discussion, so that all can be heard and for different points of view to be expressed. That is how truth emerges and democracy is presented. Last week, however, many were charged with false allegations and lies and sloganeering designed to inflame emotions.
International response
World Wide Web Inventor Sir Tim Berners-Lee "sharply" attacked SOPA and PIPA laws. Speaking at an industry event in Florida he praised the protests by the big websites for the attention they attracted, and described the bill as a "great threat to Internet openness" that "should be stopped":
The law has been put together to allow industry agencies to ask the government to shut down websites and the government can get people to shut down the site without trial.... Sometimes it can be very powerful and destructive, like before the election and across the line and we have to protect the internet as open space, we must respect it.
Two days later, European Vice President Commissioner and Commissioner for Digital Agenda Neelie Kroes described the bill as a "bad law" that would "threaten the basic foundations of web success". He also said there "should keep the benefits of open net." "Speeding is also illegal, but you are not putting speed on the highway," he said.
Related protests
SOPA and PIPA protests overlapped and were followed by protests against ACTA that had a similar understanding. The ACTA Agreement is signed by 22 Member States in Europe and is expected to be signed before March 2012 by other Left Cyprus, Estonia, the Netherlands and Slovakia, and thus will gain legal force for the entire EU. On February 11, more than 200 European cities took part in widespread protests against ACTA. Despite the protests held in Europe, the signing of ACTA was led by the US, Australia, Canada, South Korea, Japan, New Zealand, Morocco and Singapore, which first signed the agreement at a ceremony on October 1, 2011, in Tokyo. However, ACTA's concerns are heavily linked and raised following protests against SOPA and PIPA that direct the public's attention to bills and actions that could threaten the internet and civil liberties.
Legislative Impact and Results
During the day of 18 January, six PIPA sponsors in the Senate, including Marco Rubio, PIPA sponsors, Orrin Hatch, Kelly Ayotte, Roy Blunt, John Boozman and Mark Kirk, stated that they would withdraw their support for the bill. Several other congressmen issued critical remarks on the second version of the bill at the moment.
The following day, eighteen of the 100 senators, including eleven of the original sponsors of the PIPA Bill, have announced that they no longer support PIPA. With one account, the shift in positions expressed on SOPA/PIPA by members of Congress has been overnight from 80 to 31 and against 65 to and 101 against. A preliminary vote is scheduled for January 24, before an Internet outage, but after this response, Senator Majority Leader Harry Reid announced that the vote would be delayed, urging the main sponsor of the bill, Senator Patrick Leahy, to work a compromise in the bill "to establish a balance between protecting intellectual property of Americans, and maintain openness and innovation on the Internet. " Similarly, the Chairman of the Subcommittee on the Justice Board, Representative Lamar S. Smith, announces that further voting on SOPA will be postponed "until there is broader agreement on the solution." Then, the latest news The New York Times reported that the two bills were "unlimited." House of Oversight Chairman Committee Darrell Issa commented that "This unprecedented effort has reversed lobbying lobbying by an unaccustomed interest in being told" no ", describing events as" responsible and transparent speech practice ". Opponents warned that although "delayed," the bills were "not dead" and "will return."
Months after the protest, in July 2012, The New York Times summarized the following events:
Wikipedia became black to protest SOPA and more than seven million people signed an online petition, many saying that the bill would "damage the Internet." Congress, swamped by popular opposition, quickly retreated, left legislation to die.
The development of electronic grassroots campaigns has been the subject of academic analysis.
Other proposed laws
According to the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), "SOPA and PIPA are really just the tip of the iceberg.The same power behind US law continues to encourage other countries to pass the same domestic law, and secretly negotiate international trade agreements that would force the signatory country to comply with the same legal standards. "
Examples cited by EFF include:
- The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA), a pending international treaty signed by the United States in October 2011, is similar to SOPA. On July 4, 2012, the European Parliament rejected its approval, effectively rejecting it, 478 votes to 39, and 165 abstentions.
- Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPP) - IP term controversy
- The Special 301 Report - United States law requiring global copyright reports and global IP legal reports, explicitly to protect and act in favor of US intellectual property owners against policies or other domestic or foreign actions of other countries incompatible with positions United States of America. Action threats under Specialized 301 have been used to incorporate US-written lobbying laws to other countries' laws.
Examples considered "similar to SOPA/PIPA" by other analyzes:
- Ireland's proposed law "S.I. 337/2011 - The European Community (Network and Electronic Communications Service) (Universal Service and User Rights) Rules 2011" has been described by the news media as "SOPA Ireland." As a legal instrument, no parliamentary vote is required to legitimize this into law.
- The proposed Russian bill of Duma Bill 89417-6, entitled "On the protection of children from information that is harmful to their health and development" has also been described as "Russian SOPA": a bad definition (the definition is too broad and not clearly from which site is responsible under its censorship provision), and uses a defective blocking mechanism (IP address blocking, which can be shared by multiple sites).
- The CISPA USA Bill (Intelligent Distribution and Protection Act), which enables the sharing of Internet traffic information between the US government and technology and manufacturing companies, has been described as "worse than SOPA and PIPA".
See also
- the Black World Wide Web protests - the first big internet protest
- Internet activism
- Italian Wikipedia outage
- List of organizations with an official attitude about Stop Online Piracy Stop
- New Zealand Internet Termination
- Trans-Pacific Partnership # Intellectual property
References
Bibliography
- Musil, Steven (2012-01-16). "Wikipedia to join a web outage protesting SOPA". CBS News . Retrieved 2012-01-16 .
- Rainey, James (2012-01-16). "Wikipedia blackout to protest SOPA progress in Congress". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 2012-01-16 .
External links
- The official Wikimedia Foundation statement and Wikimedia CEO's statement.
- SOPA Strike - List of all participating websites for internet outages
- Change of congress - Infographic changes overnight in SOPA/PIPA related positions by many members of Congress
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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