Georgia ( Ã, ( listen ) JOR -j? ) is a state in the Southeastern United States. It began as a British colony in 1733, the last of the original Thirteen Colonies. Named after King George II of Great Britain, Georgia Province covers this region from South Carolina to Spain Florida and New France along Louisiana (New France) , also borders west to the Mississippi River. Georgia was the fourth country to ratify the United States Constitution, on January 2, 1788. In 1802-1804, western Georgia was divided into the Mississippi Territory, which was subsequently broken into Alabama with parts of the former West Florida in 1819. Georgia declared a breakaway from the Union on dated 19 January 1861, and is one of the original seven Confederate nations. This is the last restored country to the Union, on July 15, 1870. Georgia is the 24th and 8th largest of the 50 most populous of the United States. From 2007 to 2008, 14 states of Georgia were ranked among the 100 countries with the fastest growth, second only to Texas. Georgia is known as Peach State and Empire State of the South . Atlanta is the capital of the state, the most populous city, and has been named a global city.
Georgia borders south with Florida, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean and South Carolina, to the west by Alabama, and to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina. The northernmost part of the state is in the Blue Ridge Mountains, part of the Appalachian Mountains system. The Piedmont extends through the central part of the country from the foothills of the Blue Ridge to the Fall Path, where rivers flow down in altitude to the southern coastal plains of the state. The highest point of Georgia is Brasstown Bald at 4,784 feet (1,458 m) above sea level; lowest is the Atlantic Ocean. From a fully eastern state of the Mississippi River, Georgia is the largest in the mainland.
Video Georgia (U.S. state)
Histori
Prior to the settlement by Europeans, Georgia was inhabited by a mound building culture. The English colony of Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe on 12 February 1733. The colony was administered by the Superintendent for the Formation of Georgian Colonies in America under a charter issued by (and named) King George II. The Trustees implemented complex plans for colony settlements, known as the Oglethorpe Plan, which envisaged the agrarian peasant societies of yeoman and enslaved slavery. The colony was invaded by Spain in 1742, during the Jenkins' Ear War. In 1752, after the government failed to renew the subsidies that had helped support the colony, the Controller handed over control to the crown. Georgia became a crown colony, with a governor appointed by the king.
The province of Georgia was one of the Thirteen Colonies who rebelled against British rule in the American Revolution by signing the 1776 Declaration of Independence. The first Constitution of the State of Georgia was ratified in February 1777. Georgia was the tenth state to ratify the Confederation Budget on July 24, 1778, and was the 4th state to ratify the Constitution which took effect on 2 January 1788.
In 1829, gold was found in the mountains of North Georgia, leading to the Georgia Gold Rush and a federal mint established in Dahlonega, which resumed operations until 1861. The next incoming wave of white settlers put pressure on the government to take land from the Cherokee Nation. In 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Elimination Act into law, which sent many Native American States to reservations in Oklahoma today, including all Georgian tribes. Although the Supreme Court's decision on Worcester v. Georgia (1832) who ruled the US state was not allowed to change the boundaries of India, President Jackson and the state of Georgia ignored the verdict. In 1838, his successor, Martin Van Buren, sent a federal army to collect the Cherokee and deport them west of the Mississippi. This forced relocation, known as the Teardrop, caused the death of more than 4,000 Cherokees.
In early 1861, Georgia joined the Confederation and became the main theater of the Civil War. Big battles took place in Chickamauga, Mount Kennesaw, and Atlanta. In December 1864, a large swath of state from Atlanta to Savannah was destroyed in March William to the Earth, General William Tecumseh Sherman. 18,253 Georgian soldiers were killed in service, roughly one out of every five serving. In 1870, after the Reconstruction Era, Georgia became the last Confederate state to be returned to the Union.
With white Democrats regaining power in the state legislature, they issued an election tax in 1877, which deprived many blacks and whites poor, preventing them from registering. In 1908, the state formed a white primer; with the only competitive match in the Democratic Party, that's another way to exclude blacks from politics. They constituted 46.7% of the country's population in 1900, but the proportion of Georgian Georgian Americans fell afterwards to 28%, mainly because tens of thousands left the country during the Great Migration. This political disappointment lasted until the mid-1960s, until after Congress passed the Election Law of 1965.
According to the Equal Justice Institute 2015 report on the termination of the death penalty in the United States (1877-1950), Georgia has 531 deaths, the second highest number of crimes in any state in the South, surpassed by Mississippi. The number of victims is black and male.
Maps Georgia (U.S. state)
Geography
Boundary
Starting from the Atlantic Ocean, the eastern border of the state with South Carolina flows in the Savannah River, northwest to where it came from at the confluence of the Tugaloo and Seneca Rivers. Then continue up the Tugaloo (originally Tugalo) and to the Chattooga River, the most significant tributary. These limits were decided in the Treaty of 1797 Beaufort, and tested in the US Supreme Court in two instances Georgia v. South Carolina in 1923 and 1989.
The border then took a sharp bend around the end of Rabun County, at latitude 35Ã, Â ° N, although from this point it deviated slightly southward (due to inaccuracies in the original survey). This northern border initially was the border of Georgia and North Carolina all the way to the Mississippi River, until Tennessee was separated from North Carolina, and Yazoo companies encouraged the Georgian legislature to pass an act, approved by the governor in 1795, to sell the bulk of Georgia which currently consists of Alabama and Mississippi.
The western borders of the country line up south-southeast from the southwestern point of Chattanooga, to meet the Chattahoochee River near West Point. It goes down to the point where it joins the Flint River (two encounters form the Apalachicola River of Florida); the southern border runs almost eastward and slightly south, in a straight line to the River St. Mary, who then forms the rest of the border back to the ocean.
The water limit is still set as the original thalweg of the river. Since then, some have been flooded by lakes created by dams, including the Apalachicola/Chattahoochee/Flint point now under Lake Seminole.
Georgia state lawmakers have claimed that in a survey of 1818, the state border with Tennessee was mistakenly placed a mile (1.6 km) farther south than intended, and they proposed a correction in 2010. State it then was in the middle of a significant drought. , and the new frontier will allow Georgia access to water from the Tennessee River.
Geology and terrain
Each region has its own characteristics. For example, Ridge and Valley, located in the northwest corner of the state, include limestone, sandstone, shale and other sedimentary rocks, which have produced limestone, barite, ocher, and small quantities of coal.
Ecology
Flora
The state of Georgia has about 250 tree species and 58 protected plants. The native Georgian trees include red cedar, various pine trees, oak, hollies, cypress, sweetgum, scaly-bark and white hickories and palmetto sabals. East Georgia is in the forest of subtropical coniferous biomes and conifer species as other green leafy green plants form the majority of southern and coastal regions. Yellow jasmine, and mountain laurels form only a few flowering shrubs in this state.
Fauna
White-tailed deer (Virginia) is present in almost all districts. The northern mockingbird and chocolate thrasher are among the 160 species of birds that live in the state.
Reptiles and amphibians include east diamondback, copperhead, and cottonmouth, salamanders, frogs, crocodiles and frogs. There are about 79 species of reptiles and 63 amphibians that are known to live in Georgia.
The most popular freshwater game fish are trout, bream, bass, and catfish, all but the last one produced in a hatchery for restocking. Popular saltwater fish games include red drums, crash headquarters, flounder, and tarpon. Porpoises, whales, shrimp, oysters, and blue crabs are found on the coast and off the coast of Georgia.
Climate
The majority of countries are mainly humid subtropical climates. Hot and humid summers are typical, except at the highest altitude. The entire state, including the North Georgia mountains, receives moderate to severe rainfall, which varies from 45Ã, "(1143 mm) in central Georgia to about 75Ã,¼ (1905 mm) around the northeastern part of the state. The extent to which weather in certain regions of Georgia subtropically depends on latitude, its proximity to the Atlantic Ocean or the Gulf of Mexico, and its altitude. The last factor is felt especially in the mountainous areas of the northern part of the state, which is farther from the ocean and can reach 4,500 feet (1350 m) above sea level. The USDA Plant resistance zone for Georgia ranges from zone 6b (not colder than -5  ° F (-21  ° C)) in the Blue Ridge Mountains to zone 8b (not colder than 15  ° F (-9  ° C ))) along the Atlantic coast and Florida border.
The highest temperature ever recorded was 112 Â ° C (44.4 Â ° C) in Louisville on July 24, 1952, while the lowest was -17 Â ° F (-27.2 Â ° C) in North Floyd County on 27 January 1940. Georgia is one of the leading countries in the frequency of tornadoes, although they are rarely stronger than EF1. Although the tornado that hit the city was very rare, an EF2 nonviolent tornado hit central Atlanta on March 14, 2008, causing moderate to severe damage to various buildings. With the coastline in the Atlantic Ocean, Georgia is also vulnerable to hurricanes, although direct storm attacks are rare during the 20th century. Georgia was often affected by a typhoon that struck Florida, weakened the land, and brought a strong tropical storm and heavy rain into the interior, and a storm approaching the coast of Georgia, along the coast on its way north.
Demographics
The US Census Bureau estimates that Georgia's population is 10,214,860 on July 1, 2015, a 5.44% increase since the 2010 US Census.
By 2015, Georgia has an estimated population of 10,214,860 which is an increase of 117,517 from the previous year, and an increase of 527,207 since 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 438,939 people (ie 849,414 births minus 410,475 deaths) and an increase of 606,673 net migrations to the state. Immigration resulted in a net increase of 228,415 people, and domestic migration resulted in a net increase of 378,258 people.
In 2010, the number of illegal immigrants living in Georgia has skyrocketed, more than doubling to 480,000 from January 2000 to January 2009, according to a federal report. That gave Georgia the largest percentage increase among the 10 states with the largest illegal immigrant population during those years.
There were 743,000 veterans in 2009.
Population
According to the 2010 US Census, Georgia has a population of 9,687,653. In terms of race and ethnicity, the country is 59.7% White (55.9% Non-Hispanic White Alone), 30.5% Black or African American, 0.3% American Indian and Alaskan Native, 3.2% Asian, 0.1% Original Hawaiian and Pacific Island Other, 4.0% of Some Other Races, and 2.1% of Two or More Races. Hispanics and Latinos of each race comprise 8.8% of the population.
In 2011, 58.8% of Georgia's population younger than age 1 was a minority (meaning that they had at least one non-Hispanic white parent) compared to other countries such as California with 75.1%, New York with 55.6%, and Texas with 69.8%.
The largest European ancestors are:
- English 8.1%
- Ireland 8.1%
- Germany 7.2%
In the 1980 census, 1,584,303 Georgians claimed the British ancestors of the country's total population of 3,994,817, making them 40% of the country, and the largest ethnic group at the time. Today, many of the same people who claim that they are the true "American" descendants of British descent, and some of Scottish-Irish descent; However, their families have lived in the country for so long, in many cases since the colonial period, that they chose to identify only as having "America" ​​or not actually know their own ancestors. Their ancestors mainly went back to the original thirteen colonies and for this reason many of them today only claim the "American" ancestors, even though they were from the British majority ancestors.
In 2004, 7.7% of Georgia's population were reported to be under 5 years old, 26.4% below 18, and 9.6% were 65 or older. Also in 2004, women made up about 50.6% of the population and African Americans made up about 29.6%.
Historically, about half the population of Georgia consists of African Americans who, before the Civil War, were almost exclusively enslaved. Large Migrations of hundreds of thousands of blacks from the Southern countryside to the North industry from 1914-70 reduced the African American population.
Georgia had the second-fastest growing Asian population in the US from 1990 to 2000, more than doubling over a ten-year period. In addition, according to census estimates, Georgia ranks third among states in terms of percentage of total population ie African Americans (after Mississippi and Louisiana) and third in Black numerical population after New York and Florida. Georgia is the country with the largest numerical increase in the black population from 2006 to 2007 with 84,000.
Georgia is the third lowest percentage state of older people (65 or older), at 12.8 percent (by 2015).
The colonial settlements of a large number of Scottish, British American and Scottish-Irish people in the mountains and piedmont, and coastal settlements by some British Americans and African Americans, have greatly influenced the country's culture in food, language and music. The concentration of African peoples who were imported into the continent of the 18th century coastline repeatedly from the rice-growing regions of West Africa led to the development of Gullah-Geechee language and culture in the Low Countries among African Americans. They share a unique heritage in which African food, religious and cultural traditions are passed on more than in some other areas. In the creole of Southern culture, their food becomes an integral part of all Southern cuisine in the Low Country.
Language
In 2010, 87.35% (7,666,663) Georgian citizens age 5 and older spoke English at home as the primary language, while 7.42% (651,583) spoke Spanish, 0.51% (44,702) of Korea, 0.44 % (38,244) Vietnamese, 0.42% (36,679) French, 0.38% (33,009) Chinese (including Chinese), and German, pronounced as the primary language by 0.29% (23,351) of the population over the age five years. In total, 12.65% (1,109,888) of the population of Georgia age 5 and older speak a mother tongue other than English.
Large cities (2017)
* In 2012, voters in Macon and Bibb County approve the consolidation of unrelated towns of Macon and Bibb County; they officially merged on January 1, 2014. Macon joins Columbus, Augusta, and Athens as a combined city in Georgia.
- U.S. Census Bureau registering 14 metropolitan areas in Georgia. The largest, Atlanta, is the ninth most populous metro area in the United States.
Religion
The composition of religious affiliation in Georgia is 70% Protestant, 9% Catholic, 1% Mormon, 1% Jewish, 0.5% Muslim, 0.5% Buddhist, and 0.5% Hindu. Atheists, deists, agnostics, and other unaffiliated people make up 13% of the population. The largest Christian denomination with number of followers in 2010 was the Southern Baptist Convention with 1,759,317; United Methodist Church with 619,394; and the Roman Catholic Church with 596,384. Protestant non-denominational Evangelicals have 566,782 members, the Lord's Church (Cleveland, Tennessee) has 175,184 members, and the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. has 172,982 members. Presbyterian Church (USA) is the largest Presbyterian body in the state, with 300 congregations and 100,000 members. Another major body, Presbyterian Church in America, on the date of its founding, 14 congregations and 2,800 members; in 2010, it counted 139 hearings and 32,000 members. The Roman Catholic Church is noteworthy in Georgian urban areas, and includes the Archdiocese of Atlanta and the Diocese of Savannah. Georgia is home to the largest Hindu temple in the United States, BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Atlanta, located in the suburb of Lilburn. Georgia is home to several historical synagogues including The Temple (Atlanta), Beth Jacob Congregation (Atlanta), and the Congregation of Mickve Israel (Savannah). Chabad and the Rohr Jewish Learning Institute are also active in the state.
Government
State government
Like all other US states and the federal government, the Georgian government is based on the separation of legislative, executive, and judicial powers. The executive authority in the state lies with the governor, currently Nathan Deal (Republic). The Georgian governor and deputy governor were elected by separate ballots for a four-year term. Unlike the federal government, but like many other US states, most of the executive officers consisting of the governor's cabinet are elected by Georgians rather than appointed by the governor.
The legislative authority is in the General Assembly, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Lieutenant Governor presides over the Senate, while members of the House of Representatives elect their own Speakers. The Georgian Constitution mandates a maximum of 56 senators, elected from single-member districts, and at least 180 representatives, divided among representative districts (which sometimes produce more than one representative per district); there are currently 56 senators and 180 representatives. The term of office for senators and representatives is two years. The law passed by the General Assembly is codified in the Annotated Georgian Code.
The state judicial authorities are in the hands of the Supreme Court and the Court of Appeal, which has statewide authority. In addition, there are smaller courts that have more limited geographical jurisdiction, including the Court of Appeal, the District Court, the Juvenile Court, the Magistrates Court and the Testament. The Supreme Court Judge and the Court of Appeals Court are elected throughout the state by citizens in a non-partisan election for a six-year term. Judges for smaller courts are elected for a four-year term by citizens living within the jurisdiction of the courts.
Local government
Georgia consists of 159 counties, second only to Texas, with 254. Georgia has 161 districts until the end of 1931, when Milton and Campbell are incorporated into the existing Fulton. Several districts have been named for prominent figures in American and Georgian history, and many bear names with native Americans. Countries in Georgia have their own legislative branch of choice, usually called the Board of Commissioners, which usually also has executive authority in the area. Some districts have a single Commissioner government form, with legislative and executive authority given to one person. Georgia is the only country with members of the Single Commission. The Georgian Constitution provides all districts and municipalities with "home authorities" authorities. Regional commissions have considerable strength to pass legislation in their territory, as will a municipality do.
Georgia recognizes all local government units as cities, so every city that is legally incorporated is a city. Georgia does not provide self-sufficient towns or self-contained cities, although there is a bill proposed in the Legislature to provide cities; it allows the city-area government to be consolidated by a local referendum. All second-class Georgian cities except Savannah have now formed city-area governments consolidated by referendums: Columbus (in 1970), Athens (1990), Augusta (1995), and Macon (2012). (Augusta and Athens have excluded one or more small towns incorporated within their consolidated boundaries: Columbus and Macon eventually absorb all entities incorporated within their consolidated boundaries.) The small town of Cusseta adopts a combined city-district government after joining the unrelated Chattahoochee County in 2003. Three years later, in 2006, the city of Georgetown consolidated with other Quitman areas.
There is no genuine metropolitan government in Georgia, although the Atlanta Regional Commission (ARC) and the Georgia Regional Transport Authority do provide some services, and ARC must approve all major land development projects in the metropolitan area of ​​Atlanta.
Selection
In recent decades Georgia has voted Republican in six consecutive presidential elections since 1996.
Until 1964, the Georgian state government had the longest interrupted record of single-party dominance, by the Democratic Party, from every state in the Union. This record was established largely due to the deprivation of most blacks and many poor whites by the state in the constitution and its laws in the early 20th century. Some elements, such as requiring payment of poll tax and passing literacy tests, prevent blacks from registering to vote; their exclusion from the political system lasted until the 1960s and reduced the Republican Party to a non-competitive status in the early 20th century.
The White Democrats regained power after the Reconstruction was partly due to the efforts of some people to use intimidation and violence, but this method was not good. In 1900, shortly before Georgia adopted a constitutional amendment that deprived suffrage in 1908, blacks made up 47 percent of the state population.
The white man dealt with this potential political power issue with the 1908 amendment, which in practice lost blacks and whites were poor, almost half of the country's population. It is necessary that at least 21-year-old men who wish to register to vote must also: (a) have good character and be able to pass citizenship tests; (b) be able to read and write the terms of the United States and Georgia constitution; or (c) has at least 40 hectares of land or $ 500 in property. Any Georgian who has fought in any war of the American Revolution through the Spanish-American War is exempted from this additional qualification. More importantly, every Georgian descended from a veteran of these wars is also excluded. Because in 1908 many white Georgian males were veteran grandchildren and/or had needed property, exceptions and property requirements basically only allowed white people to vote. Good character qualification, civic knowledge, and literacy (all determined subjectively by white applicants), and property ownership is used to disqualify most blacks and whites poor, preventing them from registering to vote. The roll of voters dropped dramatically. At the beginning of the 20th century, Progressives promoted electoral reform and reduced the power of environmental bosses to clean politics. Their additional rules, like the eight-box law, continue to effectively shut down illiterate people. The rule of one white party is solidified.
For more than 130 years, from 1872 to 2003, Georgia nominated and voted only a white Democratic governor, and the White Democrat holds a majority of seats in the General Assembly. Most Democrats elected during these years are Southern Democrats, who are fiscally and socially conservative by national standards. This pattern of voting continues after a segregationist period.
Separation of law ended with the passage of federal law in the 1960s. According to the 1960 census, the proportion of Georgia's African American population is 28%; hundreds of thousands of blacks have left the country in the Great Migration to the North and the Middle West. The new white population arrives through migration and immigration. After the support of the national Democratic Party for the civil rights movement and especially the civil rights laws of 1964 and 1965, most African-American voters, as well as other minority voters, largely supported the Democratic Party in Georgia. In the decades since the end of the twentieth century, conservative white voters increasingly supported Republicans for national and state offices.
In 2003, moderate Democratic governor Roy Barnes was defeated by Republican Sonny Perdue, a state legislator and former Democratic Party member. While Democrats retained control of the State House, they lost their majority in the Senate when four Democrats switched. They lost the House in the 2004 election. The Republican Party then controlled the three partisan elements of the state government.
Even before 2003, the state has become increasingly supportive of Republicans in the presidential election. It has supported Democrats for president only three times since 1960. In 1976 and 1980, the native son of Jimmy Carter brought the country; in 1992, the former Governor of Arkansas, Bill Clinton, narrowly won the country. Generally, the most powerful Republican in the white-dominated suburbs (mainly the outskirts of Atlanta) and the rural parts of the state. Many of these areas are represented by Democratic conservatives in the state legislature until the 21st century. One of the most conservative is US Congressman Larry McDonald, former chairman of the John Birch Society, who died when the Soviet Union shot down KAL 007 near Sakhalin Island. Democratic candidates tend to win a higher percentage of the votes in areas where most black voters, as well as in cities among liberal urban dwellers (mainly Atlanta and Athens), and rural Black Belt areas that pass through the center and the west power state.
Republican uprisings in Georgia and in the South generally resulted in members of the US House of Representatives in Georgia, Newt Gingrich, elected as House Speaker after the Republican majority election in the House in 1994. Gingrich served as Chairman until 1999, when he resigned after losing the seat of the House held by GOP members. Gingrich made a failed bid for the president in the 2012 election, but retreated after winning only the primaries of South Carolina and Georgia.
In a recent incident, Democrat Jim Martin ran against the current Republican Senator, Saxby Chambliss. Chambliss failed to get the 50 percent needed votes, a Libertarian Party candidate who received the remaining votes. In the second round of elections held on December 2, 2008, Chambliss became the second re-elected Georgian Republican to the US Senate.
In the 2010 reapportionment, the country has 14 seats in the US House of Representatives. It is held by 10 Republicans and 4 Democrats. Georgia House of Representatives has 61 Democrats, 118 Republicans, and 1 Independent, while the Georgian Senate has 17 Democrats and 39 Republicans.
In the last three presidential elections in 2018, the Republican candidate has won Georgia about 5-8 points over the Democratic nominee, at least once for each country narrower than the margins recorded in some states that have been reversed within that timeframe, such as Michigan, Ohio , and Wisconsin. It is therefore potentially considered a swing state in the upcoming elections if voter preferences only shift slightly.
Politics
During the 1960s and 1970s, Georgia made significant changes in civil and governmental rights. As in many other countries, the legislature did not reshape the congressional districts by population from 1931 until after the 1960 census. The problem of malapportionment in the state legislature, where rural districts have great power in relation to urban districts, such as Atlanta, which corrected after the US Supreme Court ruling at Wesberry v. Sanders (1964). The court ruled that the congressional districts should be budgeted to have an essentially the same population.
A related case, Reynolds v. Sims (1964), requires state legislatures to end the use of geographic districts or districts that support "one person, one vote"; ie, districts based on more or less the same population, to be reviewed and modified as necessary after each census. These changes have resulted in Atlanta and other urban populations gaining political power in Georgia in proportion to their population. From the mid-1960s, voter turnout increased after the rights of Africans to vote were enforced under civil rights law.
Economic growth through this period was dominated by Atlanta and its territory. That is the foundation of the newly emerging "New South". From the late twentieth century, Atlanta attracted headquarters and shifted workers from national companies, becoming more diverse, liberal and cosmopolitan than many states.
In the 21st century, many conservative Democrats, including former US Senator and governor Zell Miller, decided to support the Republican Party. The country's conservative social slowdown generates widespread support for measures such as abortion restrictions. In 2004, state constitutional amendments prohibiting same-sex marriage were approved by 76% of voters. However, after the United States Supreme Court issued its verdict at Obergefell v. Hodges, all the territory of Georgia became fully obedient, recognizing the rights of same-sex couples to marry in the state.
Economy
Georgia's total gross product of 2016 is $ 531 billion. Her personal per capita income for 2011 put her in 39th position in the country with $ 35,979. Over the years, Georgia as a state has the highest credit rating by Standard & amp; Poor's (AAA) and is one of only 15 countries with AAA ratings. If Georgia is a stand-alone country, it will be the 28th largest economy in the world.
There are 17 Fortune 500 companies and 26 Fortune 1000 companies with headquarters in Georgia, including Home Depot, UPS, Coca-Cola, TSYS, Delta Air Lines, Aflac, South Company, Anthem Inc., Honeywell, and SunTrust Banks.
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport, the world's busiest airport measured by passenger traffic and air traffic, is located in Georgia. Also, Port of Savannah is the fourth largest seaport and the fastest growing container port in North America, importing and exporting a total of 2.3 million TEUs per year.
Atlanta has a major influence on the states of Georgia, the Southeastern United States, and so on. Atlanta has become a growth site in real estate, service, logistics and the communications and film industry, while tourism is important to the economy. Atlanta is a global city, also called the city of the world or sometimes the alpha city or world center, as a city generally regarded as an important node in the global economic system.
Over the past five years, Georgia has been ranked as the number 1 country in the country to do business, and has been recognized as number 1 for the business and labor climate in the country, number one in the business climate of the country, number 1 in the country in labor training and as the "Best in Class" economic development agency.
In 2016, Georgia had an average annual income per person between $ 50,000 - $ 59,999 that increased the dollar adjusted for 2016. US Median annual revenue for the entire nation was $ 57,617. It is located in the median annual median of Georgia.
Agriculture
The vast farm produces peanuts, maize, and soy in central and southern Georgia. The country is the world's number one pecan producer, with the region around Albany in southwest Georgia being the center of Georgia's candlenut production. Gainesville in northeastern Georgia praises itself as the Poultry Capital of the World. Georgia is in the top five blueberry producers in the United States.
Georgia's agricultural produce includes poultry and eggs, pecans, peaches, cotton, peanuts, rye, beef, pork, dairy products, turfgrass, wood, especially pine, tobacco, and vegetables.
Mine
The main products in the mineral industry include various clays, rocks, sand and palygorskite clays, known as attapulgite.
Industry
Industry in Georgia is diverse.
While many textile jobs moved abroad, there is still a textile industry located around the cities of Rome, Columbus, Augusta, Macon and along the I-75 corridor between Atlanta and Chattanooga, Tennessee. Historically it started along the fall line in Piedmont, where factories are supported by waterfalls and rivers. These include the cities of Cartersville, Calhoun, Ringgold and Dalton
In November 2009, Kia began production in Georgia at its first US Kia Motors plant, Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia in West Point.
Industrial products include textiles and apparel, transportation equipment, food processing, paper products, chemicals and products, and electrical equipment.
Logistics
Georgia ranked number 2 for global infrastructure and access by the Area Development magazine.
The Ports Authority of Georgia owns and operates four ports in the state: Port of Savannah, Port of Brunswick, Port Bainbridge, and Port Columbus. Port of Savannah is the fourth largest port in the United States, importing and exporting a total of 2.3 million TEUs per year. The Port of Savannah's Garden City Terminal is the largest single container terminal in North America. Several large companies including Target, IKEA, and Heineken operate a distribution center near Port of Savannah.
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport has three cargo complexes covering two million square feet of space, the airport moves over 650,000 tons of cargo per year, has the nearest cold storage for perishable goods, and the only airport in the Southeast with the cold approved by the USDA - care ability. Delta Air Lines also offers airport cooling facilities for perishable cargo, and a 250-acre International Trade Zone located at the airport.
Georgia is the main railway hub, has the most extensive rail system in the Southeast, and has the services of two Class I, CSX and Norfolk Southern trains, plus 24 short rail lines. Georgia is ranked # 3 state in the country for rail access. Train deliveries include intermodal, bulk, automotive and any other shipping type.
Georgia has an extensive interstate highway system, including 1,200 miles of interstate highways and 20,000 miles of federal and state highways that facilitate the efficient movement of over $ 620 billion of cargo by truck annually. The six Georgian interstates connect with 80 percent of the US population in a two-day truck ride. More than $ 14 billion in funding has been approved for new road infrastructure.
Military
Members of the Southern Congress have attracted substantial investments by the US military in the state. Some US military installations include Moody Air Force Base, Fort Stewart, Hunter Army Airfield, Kings Bay Naval Submarine Force, Fort Benning, Robins Air Force Base, Fort Gordon, Albany Marine Corps Base Logistics, Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Coast Guard Air Savannah Station and Brunswick Coast Guard Station. This installation orders a lot of work and business for the related contractor.
Energy usage and production
Georgia's power generation and electricity consumption is among the highest in the United States, with natural gas being the primary fuel power plant, followed by coal. The state also has two nuclear power plants, Plant Hatch and Plant Vogtle, which account for nearly a quarter of the Georgia power plant, and an additional two nuclear power plants are being built at Plant Vogtle. By 2013, the generation mix is ​​39% gas, 35% coal, 23% nuclear, 3% hydro and other renewable sources. The main area of ​​energy consumption is the industrial sector because Georgia "is a leader in the energy-intensive wood and paper products industry". The solar-generated energy becomes more used with solar energy generators that are currently installed in Georgia's 15th rank in the country in solar capacity installed. In 2013, $ 189 million invested in Georgia to install solar for home, business, and utility use represented an increase of 795% over the previous year.
Country tax
Georgia has a progressive income tax structure with six income tax rate brackets ranging from 1% to 6%. In 2009, Georgians paid 9% of their income in state and local taxes, compared with the US average of 9.8% of revenue. It ranks 25 Georgia among states for the total state and local tax burden. The state sales tax in Georgia is 4% with an additional percentage added via local options (eg local-destination sales tax-specific or SPLOST options), but no sales tax on prescription drugs, certain medical devices, or home-grocery items.
The state legislature allows municipalities to institute local sales taxes and special local taxes, such as a 2% SPLOST tax and 1% sales tax for the districts that MARTA serves. Excise taxes are levied on alcohol, tobacco, and motor fuel. The owners of real property in Georgia pay property taxes to their area. All taxes are collected by the Georgia Revenue Department and then distributed appropriately in accordance with an agreement that each region has with its cities.
Movies
Georgia Movies, Music, and the Office of Digital Entertainment promote filmmaking in the state. Since 1972, seven hundred films and television projects have been filmed on site in Georgia. Georgia takes over California in 2016 as the country's location with the big screen films produced. In fiscal 2017 film and tv production has an economic impact in Georgia of $ 9.5 billion. Atlanta is now even called "Hollywood of the South." Television shows like Strangers, The Walking Dead, and The Vampire Diaries were filmed in the state. Movies too, such as Passengers, Forrest Gump, Transmission, Hidden Figures, Sully, Baby Drivers, The Hunger Games: Fire Catching, Captain America: Civil War, Black Panther, and more, filmed around Georgia.
Tourism
In the Atlanta area, World of Coke, Georgia Aquarium, Atlanta Zoo, and Stone Mountain are important tourist attractions. Stone Mountain is Georgia's "most popular attraction"; receiving more than four million tourists per year. The Georgia Aquarium, in Atlanta, is the world's largest aquarium in 2010 according to Guinness World Records.
Callaway Gardens, in western Georgia, is a family resort. This area is also popular among golfers.
Savannah Historic District attracts more than eleven million tourists each year.
The Golden Isles is a series of barrier islands off the Atlantic coast of Georgia near Brunswick which includes beaches, golf courses, and Cumberland Island National Seashore.
Some sites honor the lives and careers of American leaders: the Little White House in Warm Springs, which serves as the summer residence of President Franklin Delano Roosevelt when he was treated for polio; The hometown of President Jimmy Carter at the Plains and Carter Presidential Center in Atlanta; Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site in Atlanta, which is the final resting place of Martin Luther King, Jr. and Coretta Scott King; and Ebenezer Baptist Church of Atlanta, where Dr. King preached.
Culture
Great art and performance
Georgia's major art museums include the High Museum of Art and the Michael C. Carlos Museum, both in Atlanta; Museum of Georgian Art on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens; Telfair Museum of Art and SCAD Museum of Art in Savannah; and Morris Museum of Art at Augusta.
The state Theater of Georgia is the Springer Opera House located in Columbus.
Opera Atlanta takes opera to Georgia's stage. The Atlanta Symphony Orchestra is the most recognizable orchestra and largest art organization in the southeastern United States.
There are a number of state performing arts venues, among which the largest are Fox Theater, and Theater Alliance at the Woodruff Art Center, both on Peachtree Street in Midtown Atlanta and the Cobb Energy Center for the Performing Arts, located in Northwest Atlanta.
Literature
The writer has wrestled with a complex Georgian history. Popular novels associated with this include Margaret Mitchell Gone with the Wind , Olive Ann Burns' Cold Sassy Tree , and Alice Walker The Color Purple .
A number of famous writers, poets and playwrights have lived in Georgia, such as James Dickey, Flannery O'Connor, Sidney Lanier, Frank Yerby and Lewis Grizzard.
Television
Famous television shows held in Atlanta include, from Tyler Perry Studios, House of Payne and Tyler Perry Meet the Browns, The Real Housewives of Atlanta , CBS sits Designing Women , Matlock , the popular AMC series The Walking Dead , Lifetime Drop Dead Diva , Fixed and many original HGTV production.
The Dukes of Hazzard , a 1980s TV show, was founded in Hazzard County Fiction, Georgia. The first five episodes were taken at locations in Conyers and Covington, Georgia and several locations in Atlanta. Production was later transferred to Burbank, California.
Also filmed in Georgia is The Vampire Diaries , using Covington as a setting for the fictional Mystic Falls.
Music
A number of famous musicians in various popular music genres are from Georgia. Among these are Ray Charles (whose many hits include "Georgia on My Mind", now the official state song), and Gladys Knight (known for his Georgian theme "Midnight Train to Georgia").
Rock groups from Georgia include Atlanta Rhythm Section, The Black Crowes, and The Allman Brothers.
The university city of Athens triggered an influential rock scene in the 1980s and 1990s. Among the groups that achieved their initial advantage in the city were R.E.M., widespread Panic, and B-52.
Since the 1990s, various hip-hop and R & B includes top artists such as Outkast, Usher, Ludacris, TLC, B.o.B, and Ciara. Atlanta is mentioned in a number of songs by these artists, such as the reference "A-Town Down" Usher in 2004 hit Yes! (which also features Atlanta artists Lil Jon and Ludacris), Ludacris "Welcome to Atlanta", Outlast album "ATLiens", and some B.OB references to Decatur, Georgia, as in his hit song "Strange Clouds".
Movies
The Georgian films included two pictures both in Atlanta that were awarded Oscars for Best Films: Gone with the Wind (1939) and Driving Miss Daisy (1989). Other films made in Georgia include Deliverance (1972), which is based on a novel of the same name by James Dickey, Parental Guidance (2012), and Vacation at Six Flags Over Georgia.
Sports
Sports in Georgia include a team of professionals in almost all major sports, Olympic competitors and medalists, college teams in conferences and associations of large and small schools, and active amateur and individual sports teams. The state of Georgia has teams in four major professional leagues - the Atlanta Braves of Major League Baseball, the Atlanta Falcons of the National Football League, the Atlanta Hawks of the National Basketball Association, and the Atlanta United FC of Major League Soccer.
The Georgia Bulldogs, Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets, Georgia State Panthers and Georgia Southern Eagles (Sun Belt Conference) are the NCAA Division I FBS football team in Georgia, having won many national championships among them.
The 1996 Summer Olympics took place in Atlanta. The stadium built to host various Olympic events was turned into Turner Field, home of the Atlanta Braves throughout the 2016 season.
The Masters golf tournament, the first of the four "majors" of the PGA tour, is held each year of the second weekend of April at Augusta National Golf Club.
The Atlanta Motor Speedway hosted the Dixie 500 NASCAR Cup Series racing car and the Atlanta Road endurance race of the Petit Le Mans sports car.
Atlanta's Georgia Dome hosted Super Bowl XXVIII in 1994 and Super Bowl XXXIV in 2000. Georgia Dome hosted the NCAA Final Fourth National Basketball Championship in 2002, 2007, and 2013. This hosted WWE WrestleMania XXVII in the year 2011, an event that sets the record presence of 71,617. The dome is also home to the post-season Chick-fil-A Bowl's annual college football game. Since 2017, they have been held at the Mercedes-Benz Stadium along with FIRST World Championships.
Professional baseball Ty Cobb was the first player to be sworn in to the Baseball Hall of Fame. He comes from the Narrows and is nicknamed "Georgia Peach."
Parks and recreational activities
There are 63 parks in Georgia, 48 of which are state parks and 15 which are historic sites, and many preserved country wildlife, under the supervision of the Georgia Natural Resources Department. Historical sites and other parks are supervised by the National Park Service and include Andersonville National Historic Site in Andersonville; Appalachian National Scenic Trail; Chattahoochee River National Recreation Area near Atlanta; Chickamauga and Chattanooga National Military Parks at Fort Oglethorpe; Cumberland Island National Seashore near St. John's Marys; Fort Frederica National Monument on St. John's Island Simons; Fort Pulaski National Monument in Savannah; Jimmy Carter National Historic Site near the Highlands; Kennesaw Mountain National Battlefield Park near Kennesaw; Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site in Atlanta; Ocmulgee National Monument in Macon; Trail of Tears National Historic Trail; and Swamp Okefenokee in Waycross, Georgia
Outdoor recreation activities include hiking along the Appalachian Trail; Civil War Heritage Lines; rock climbing and kayaking water crater. Other outdoor activities include hunting and fishing.
Education
The Georgian state school system is managed by the school board with selected members at the local level. By 2013, all of 19 of the 181 councils are elected from single-member districts. Residents and activist groups in Fayette County, Georgia are suing the board of commissioners and school boards to maintain a voting system based on a large vote, which tends to increase the majority and effectively prevent minority participation in local councils elected for nearly 200 years. Changes to single-member districts have resulted in the African-American minority being able to elect representatives of its election.
Georgian secondary schools (grades nine to twelve) are required to administer the Final Examination of the Course, multiple choice, or EOCT, in each of the eight core subjects including algebra, geometry, US history, economics, biology, physics, and composition, and American literature. The official purpose of this test is to assess "specific content knowledge and skills." Although minimum test scores are not required for students to receive credit in the course, completion of the test is mandatory. EOCT scores accounted for 15% of the students' grades in the course. The '' Georgia Milestone '' evaluation is taken by public school students in the state.
Georgia has 85 state universities, universities and technical colleges alongside more than 45 private higher education institutions. Among Georgia's public universities is the flagship research university, University of Georgia, founded in 1785 as the oldest leased state university and the birthplace of America's public higher education system. The University of Georgia system is the governing body of public education in the state. The system includes 29 higher education institutions. This system is governed by the Georgia Board of Directors. Georgia's workforce of more than 6.3 million is constantly being refreshed by more and more people moving here along with 90,000 graduates from university, academia and engineering colleges across the state, including Georgia University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Emory University.
The HOPE scholarship, funded by the state lottery, is available to all Georgians who have graduated from high school or obtained a Public Education Development certificate. Students must maintain an average grade of 3.2 or higher and attend public colleges or universities in the state.
The Georgia Historical Society, an independent educational and research institution, has a research center located in Savannah. The library and archives of this research center store the oldest material collections related to Georgia's history in the country.
Media
The Atlanta metropolitan area is the ninth largest media market in the United States ranked by Nielsen Media Research. The main markets of other countries are Savannah (95th largest), Augusta (largest 115), and Columbus (largest 127).
There are 48 television broadcast stations in Georgia including TBS, TNT, TCM, Cartoon Network, CNN and Headline News, all founded by the famous Georgian resident Ted Turner. The Weather Channel also has its headquarters in Atlanta.
So far, Georgia's largest daily newspaper is the Atlanta Journal-Constitution with daily readership of 195,592 and readers of Sunday 397.925. Other big days include The Augusta Chronicle, Columbus Ledger-Enquirer, The Telegraph (formerly The Macon Telegraph ) and Savannah Morning News .
WSB-AM in Atlanta is the first licensed radio station in the southeastern United States, signed in 1922. Georgia Public Radio has been in operation since 1984 and, with the exception of Atlanta, it broadcasts daily at several FM (and one AM) stations in the whole state. Georgia Public Radio reaches most of Georgia (with the exception of the Atlanta area, served by WABE).
WSB-TV in Atlanta is the state's oldest television station, which began operations in 1948. The WSB is only the second operation established in the US South, following only WTVR in Richmond, Virginia.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Transport in Georgia is overseen by the Georgian Department of Transport, part of the state government's executive branch. The main Interstate highways of Georgia are I-20, I-75, I-85, and I-95. On March 18, 1998, the Georgian Representative Council passed a resolution stating part of Interstate Highway 75, which stretches from Chattahoochee River north to the Tennessee state line of the Larry McDonald Memorial Highway. Larry McDonald, a member of the Democratic Representative Council, was at Korean Air Lines Flight 007 when he was shot down by the Soviets on September 1, 1983.
Georgia's main commercial airport is Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta (ATL) International Airport, and is the world's busiest passenger airport. In addition to Hartsfield-Jackson, there are eight other airports serving major commercial traffic in Georgia. Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport is the second busiest airport in the state as measured by the passengers served, and is the only additional international airport. Other commercial airports (rank in the order of passengers served) are located in Augusta, Columbus, Albany, Macon, Brunswick, Valdosta, and Athens.
The Georgia Ports Authority manages two deepwater ports, in Savannah and Brunswick, and two river ports, in Bainbridge and Columbus. Port of Savannah is the main US port on the Atlantic coast.
The Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority (MARTA) is the main fast transit system in the metropolitan area of ​​Atlanta. Formed in 1971 as a tight bus system, MARTA operates a bus route network connected to a rapid transit system composed of 48 miles (77 km) of railway lines with 38 railway stations. MARTA operates almost exclusively in the Fulton and DeKalb areas, with a two-way bus service in Cobb county and the Cumberland Transfer Center next to the Cumberland Mall, and a train station in Clayton County at Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport. MARTA also operates a separate paratransit service for customers with disabilities. In 2009, the average daily total passenger for the system (bus and train) was 482,500 passengers.
Health care
The country has 151 public hospitals, more than 15,000 doctors and nearly 6,000 dentists. The country is ranked forty-one in the percentage of the population involved in regular exercise.
City
Atlanta, located in north-central Georgia in the Eastern Continental Divide, has been the capital of Georgia since 1868. It is the most populous city in Georgia, with just over 420,000 inhabitants by 2010.
The Atlanta metropolitan area is a cultural and economic center of the Southeast; the population in 2010 was 5,268,860, or 53.6% of the total Georgia. Atlanta is the nation's ninth largest metropolitan area.
The state has fourteen other cities with populations above 50,000 (based on 2012 census estimates). In order of size they are Columbus, Augusta, Macon, Savannah, Athens, Sandy Springs, Roswell, Albany, Johns Creek, Warner Robins, Alpharetta, Marietta, Valdosta and Smyrna.
Along with the rest of the Southeast, the population of Georgia continues to grow rapidly, with primary advantages concentrated in urban areas. Atlanta metropolitan population added 1.23 million people (24 percent) between 2000 and 2010, and Atlanta rose from the eleventh largest metropolitan area in the United States to the ninth largest.
Famous people
Jimmy Carter, from Plains, Georgia, was President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. Martin Luther King Jr. born in Atlanta in 1929. He is a leader of the civil rights movement that championed the rights to African-Americans and received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.
Country symbol
Reference: The Georgia Symbol
- Amphibian: American green tree frog
- Bird: chocolate counter
- Crop: bean
- Fish: largemouth bass
- Flowers: Cherokee rose
- Fruit: peach
- Gem: quartz
- Insects: honeybee
- Mammal: white-tailed deer
- Marine mammals: the right whale
- Minerals: staurolite
- Nickname:
- "Peach State"
- "Empire State of the South"
- Reptile: gopher turtle
- Song: "Georgia on My Mind"
- Tree: living oak
- Vegetable: Vidalia onion
See also
- Index of articles related to Georgia (USA)
- Outline Georgia (US state) - list of organized topics about Georgia
Georgia (US state) - Wikipedia book
References
Bibliography
- Bartley, Numan V. The Creation of Modern Georgia (1990). Covers the period 1865-1990. ISBNÃ, 0-8203-1183-9.
- Coleman, Kenneth. ed. Georgian History (1991). ISBNÃ, 0-8203-1269-X.
- London, Bonnie Bullard. (2005) Georgia and American Experience Atlanta, Georgia: Clairmont Press ISBNÃ, 1-56733-100-9. High school textbook.
- Peirce, Neal R. The Deep South States of America: People, Politics, and Power at Seven Deep South States (1974). Information on politics and economics 1960-72. ISBNÃ, 0-393-05496-9.
- Williams, David and Christopher C. Meyers. Georgia: Brief History Macon: Mercer University Press, 2012.
External links
- the state government web site of Georgia
- The Guides of the State of Georgia, from the Library of Congress
- New Georgia Encyclopedia
- The Georgia State Facts of USDA
- Disappeared Georgia from the Georgia Digital Library
- Virtual Georgia from Georgian Archives
- Georgia Historical Society's Georgia Historical Marker Program
- Georgia (US state) in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
- Geographic data associated with Georgia (US state) in OpenStreetMap
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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