Batman is a fictional superhero who appears in American comics published by DC Comics. The character was created by artist Bob Kane and author Bill Finger, and first appeared in Detective Comics # 27, in 1939. Originally named "Bat-Man", this character was also referred to by the nickname as the Army Caped Cross, Dark Knight, and World's Greatest Detective.
Batman's secret identity is Bruce Wayne , a rich American playboy, philanthropist and owner of Wayne Enterprises. After witnessing the murder of his parents Dr Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne as a child, he vowed to take revenge against the criminals, a pledge that was humiliated by a sense of justice. Bruce Wayne trained himself physically and intellectually and crafted a bat persona inspired to fight evil.
Batman operates in the fictitious Gotham City with the help of various supporting characters, including his butler Alfred, police commissioner Gordon, and his own vigilante allies like Robin. Unlike most superheroes, Batman lacks any superpower; Rather, he relies on his genius of intelligence, physical prowess, martial arts skills, detective skills, science and technology, great wealth, intimidation, and persistent will. A large number of criminals make galleries of rogue Batman, including his arch-rival, Joker.
The character became popular soon after its introduction in 1939 and earned its own comic book title, Batman , the following year. As the decade progresses, differences in character interpretation appear. The late 1960s television series Batman uses the aesthetics of the camp, which continues to be associated with characters for many years after the show ends. Various creators work to return the character to its dark roots, culminating in 1986 with Frank Miller's The Dark Knight Returns. The success of Warner Bros. live-action feature films. Pictures has helped maintain the excellence of characters in mainstream culture.
The American cultural icon, Batman has garnered great popularity and is one of the most identifiable characters of comic books. Batman has been licensed and featured in various adaptations, from radio to television and movies, and appears in merchandise sold throughout the world, such as clothing, toys, and video games. This character also makes the psychiatrists interested, with many offering interpretations of his psychic. In 2015, FanSided placed Batman as number one in the list of "50 Greatest Super Heroes in Comic Book History". Kevin Conroy, Rino Romano, Bruce Greenwood, Peter Weller, Anthony Ruivivar, Jason O'Mara, and Will Arnett, among others, have provided character sounds for animated adaptations. Batman has been portrayed in movies and television by Lewis Wilson, Robert Lowery, Adam West, Michael Keaton, Val Kilmer, George Clooney, Christian Bale, and Ben Affleck.
Video Batman
Publishing history
Creation
In early 1939, Superman's success in Action Comics encouraged editors at National Comics Publications (DC Comics of the future) to request more superheroes for the titles. In response, Bob Kane created "Bat-Man". Collaborator Bill Finger remembers that "Kane had an idea for a character called 'Batman,' and he wanted me to see a picture I went to Kane's, and he drew a very similar character to Superman with his kind... reddish tights, I believe , with boots... no gloves, no gloves... with a small domino mask, swinging on a rope.He has two stiff wings protruding out, looking like a bat wing.That's a big sign... BATMAN ". The bat-like wing coat was suggested by Bob Kane, who was inspired as a child by Leonardo Da Vinci's sketch of an ornithopter flying device.
Jari suggests giving cowl characters instead of simple dominoes, robes, instead of wings, and gloves; she also recommends to remove the red part of the original costume. Finger said he found Bruce Wayne's name for the secret identity of the character: "Bruce Wayne's first name came from Robert Bruce, the Scottish patriot, Wayne, being a playboy, is a noble man I look for a name that shows colonialism I try Adams, Hancock... then I think of Mad Anthony Wayne. "He then said his suggestion was influenced by the popular Lee Falk The Phantom , a character of a syndicated newspaper comic strip also known as Kane.
Kane and Finger made use of popular culture of the 1930s to gain inspiration on most of Bat-Man's views, personality, methods and weapons. The details find predecessors in pulp fiction, comic strips, newspaper headlines, and autobiographical detail referring to Kane himself. As an aristocratic hero with multiple identities, Batman has his predecessor in Scarlet Pimpernel (coined by Baroness Emmuska Orczy, 1903) and Zorro (invented by Johnston McCulley, 1919). Like them, Batman performs heroic actions in secret, avoids suspicion by playing solitary in public, and marks her work with a signature symbol. Kane noted the effects of The Mark of Zorro (1920) and The Bat Whispers (1930) films in the creation of character iconography. Fingers, drawing inspiration from the slurry heroes like Doc Savage, The Shadow, Dick Tracy, and Sherlock Holmes, make the character a prime detective.
In his autobiography of 1989, Kane detailed the contribution of Finger to Batman's creation:
One day I called Bill and said, 'I have a new character called Bat-Man and I've made some raw sketches, I want you to see them.' He came and I showed him his drawings. At that time, I only had a small domino mask, as Robin later wore, on Batman's face. Bill said, 'Why not make her look more like a bat and wear a hood on her, and take the eyeballs out and just put a gap for the eye to make her look more mysterious?' At this point, Bat-Man wore a red union suit; wings, stems, and masks are black. I think red and black will be a good combination. Bill said his costume was too bright: 'Paint dark gray to look more dangerous.' The hood looked like two stiff bat wings attached to his arm. When Bill and I talked, we realized that these wings would be complicated when Bat-Man reacts and turns them into robes, toothed to look like bat wings when he fights or swings the rope. Also, she has no gloves, and we add it so she will not leave fingerprints.
Golden Age
Next creation credit
Kane signed the ownership of the character in exchange for, among other things compensation, a mandatory line on all Batman comics. This byline originally did not say "Batman made by Bob Kane"; his name is written on the title page of each story. The name vanished from comic books in the mid-1960s, replaced by credits for every author and true artist. In the late 1970s, when Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster began receiving credit "made by" on the Superman title, along with William Moulton Marston given the byline to create the Wonder Woman, Batman's story began to say "Made by Bob Kane" in addition to the credit others.
The finger does not receive the same recognition. While he received credit for other DC jobs since the 1940s, he began, in 1960, to receive limited recognition for his Batman writings; in the pages of the letters of Batman # 169 (February 1965) for example, editor Julius Schwartz named him as the creator of Riddler, one of Batman's recurring criminals. However, the Finger contract leaves it only with the page level of writing and no byline. Kane writes, "Bill is disappointed with the lack of great achievements in his career, he feels that he does not use his full creative potential and that success has passed through." At the time of Finger's death in 1974, DC was not officially credited to Finger as co-creator of Batman.
Jerry Robinson, who also works with Finger and Kane on the current strip, has criticized Kane for failing to distribute credits. He remembers Finger who hates his position, stating in a 2005 interview with The Comics Journal :
Bob makes it more insecure, because when he works hard on Batman, he does not share in the glory or money Bob starts making, which is why... [he] will leave [Kane's work]... [Kane] should think of Bill as the creator, because I know; I was there.... That is one thing I will never forgive Bob, not to take care of Bill or to acknowledge his vital role in the creation of Batman. Like Siegel and Shuster, it should be the same, the creator of the same co-creator on the strip, writer, and artist.
Although Kane initially refuted Finger's claim for having created the character, wrote in an open letter in 1965 to fans that "it seems to me that Bill Finger has given the impression that he and I have not created" Batman, t '[ sic ] as well as Robin and all the other criminals and prominent characters.This statement is fraudulent and completely untrue. "Kane himself also commented on Finger's lack of credit. "The problem with being a ghost writer or artist is that you have to remain somewhat anonymous without 'credit', but if someone wants 'credit', then one should stop being a 'ghost' or a follower and become a leader or an innovator.
In 1989, Kane reviewed the Finger situation, recalling in an interview:
In those days it's like, an artist and he has a name on it [comic strip] - DC policy in comic books, if you can not write it, get another writer, but their name will never appear in the comic book in the finished version. So Bill never asked me for it [byline] and I never volunteered myself - I guess my ego at that moment. And I feel very sad, when he [Jari] died.
In September 2015, DC Entertainment revealed that Finger will receive credit for his role in the creation of Batman in the superhero movie 2016 Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice and the second season Gotham > after the deal successfully performed between the Finger and DC families. Finger received credit as the creator of Batman for the first time in a comic in October 2015 with Batman and Robin Eternal # 3 and Batman: Arkham Knight Genesis # 3. Renewed recognition for characters appears as "Batman made by Bob Kane with Bill Finger".
Initial years
The first Batman story, "The Case of Chemical Syndicates", was published in Detective Comics # 27 (May 1939). Fingers say, "Batman was originally written in pulp style", and this influence is proven by Batman showing little regret for murder or injuring criminals. Batman proved a hit character, and he received his own solo title in 1940 while continuing to star in Detective Comics. At that time, Detective Comics was the world's top selling and most influential publisher; Batman and another company's main hero, Superman, is a milestone of corporate success. The two characters are displayed side by side as the star of the World's Finest Comics , originally titled World's Best Comics when it debuted in the fall of 1940. Creators including Jerry Robinson and Dick Sprang also worked on the strip during this period.
As long as some elements of the first Batman strip were added to the character and Batman's artistic depictions evolved. Kane notes that in the six issues she drew character jaws more prominently, and extended her ears on the costume. "About a year later he was almost a complete figure, my mature Batmah," Kane said. The typical Batman utility belt was introduced at Detective Comics # 29 (July 1939), followed by a boomerang-like bat and the first bat-themed vehicle, Batplane, at # 31 (Sept. 1939). The origins of the character are revealed in # 33 (November 1939), revealed in a two-page story that sets Batman's meditative personality, a character driven by the death of his parents. Written by Finger, it describes the young Bruce Wayne witnessing the murder of his parents in the hands of a robber. A few days later, in their grave, the boy swears that "by the spirit of my parents [I will] avenge their death by spending the rest of my life fighting against all the criminals".
Batman's early depictions, forged by the pulp, began to soften in Detective Comics # 38 (April 1940) with the introduction of Robin, a junior partner of Batman. Robin was introduced, based on Finger's suggestion, because Batman needed "Watson" with whom Batman could speak. Sales almost doubled, despite Kane's preference for Batman's solos, and it triggered the proliferation of "kid sidekicks". The first edition of the solo spinoff series Batman is not only famous for introducing two of his most determined adversaries, Joker and Catwoman, but for the story where Batman shot a ghastly giant to death. The story prompted editor Whitney Ellsworth to assert that the character could no longer kill or use weapons.
In 1942, the authors and artists behind the Batman comics have built most of the basic elements of the Batman myth. In the years following World War II, DC Comics "adopted a postwar editorial direction that increasingly ignored social commentary in favor of mild fantasy." The impact of this editorial approach is evident in Batman's Batman comics in the postwar period; removed from the "gloomy and threatening world" of the early 1940s strip, Batman was instead portrayed as a respectable citizen and father figure inhabited by a "bright and colorful" environment.
Silver and Bronze Age
1950s and early 1960s
Batman is one of the few superhero characters that continue to be published because interest in the genre is diminished during the 1950s. In the story of "The Mightiest Team in the World" at Superman # 76 (June 1952), Batman teamed up with Superman for the first time and the couple discovered their own secret identity. Following the success of this story, World's Best Comic has been revamped to show the story that the two heroes are playing together, rather than the previous Batman and Superman features. The team-up of the characters is "a financial success in an era when they are few and far between"; this series of stories lasted until the cancellation of the book in 1986.
Batman comics were among those criticized when the comic book industry was under scrutiny by the publication of psychologist Fredric Wertham's Seduction of the Innocent in 1954. The Wertham thesis is that children imitate crimes committed in books comic books, and that these works undermine the morale of the youth. Wertham criticized Batman comics for their homosexual nuances and argued that Batman and Robin were described as lovers. Wertham's criticism evoked public condemnation during the 1950s, leading eventually to the establishment of the Comic Code Authority, a code no longer used by the comic book industry. The tendency towards "Sunnier Batman" in the postwar period increased after the introduction of the Comic Code. Scholars have suggested that Batwoman characters (in 1956) and pre-Barbara Gordon Bat-Girl (in 1961) were introduced in part to refute allegations that Batman and Robin are gay, and the stories take on the camping shades, lighter.
In the late 1950s, Batman's stories gradually became more science-focused, an attempt to mimic the success of other DC characters who had experimented with this genre. New characters such as Batwoman, Ace the Bat-Hound, and Bat-Mite were introduced. Batman's adventures often involve strange transformations or strange room aliens. In 1960, Batman made his debut as a member of the Justice League of America on The Brave and the Bold (28) (February 1960), and later appeared in several series of Justice League comics starting later that same year.
"New Views" Batman and camp
In 1964, Batman's title sales dropped dramatically. Bob Kane noted that, as a result, DC "plans to kill Batman altogether". In response to this, editor Julius Schwartz was assigned to Batman titles. He led drastic changes, beginning with 1964 Detective Comics (3264) (May 1964), which was borne out as a "New Look". Schwartz introduced a change designed to make Batman more contemporary, and to return it to a more detective-oriented story. He brought in artist Carmine Infantino to help remodel the character. The Batmobile was redesigned, and the Batman costumes were modified to include a yellow ellipse behind the bats. Alien space, time travel, and 1950s characters like Batwoman, Ace, and Bat-Mite have retired. The waiter Bruce Wayne was killed (though his death was quickly overturned) while a new female relative to the Wayne family, Aunt Harriet, came to live with Bruce Wayne and Dick Grayson.
The debut of the Batman television series in 1966 had a major influence on the characters. The success of this series increased sales throughout the comic book industry, and Batman reached a circulation of nearly 900,000 copies. Elements such as the Batgirl character and the nature of the event campy were introduced into the comic; this series also initiated the return of Alfred. Although both comics and TV shows succeeded for a while, the camp approach ended wearing thinly and the show was canceled in 1968. In the end, Batman's own comic strip lost popularity once again. As Julius Schwartz noted, "When the show was a success, I was asked to camp, and of course when the show faded, so did the comic books."
Beginning in 1969, writer Dennis O'Neil and artist Neal Adams made deliberate attempts to keep Batman away from portraying the TV camps of the 1960s and to return the character to its roots as "the ghostly defector of the night". O'Neil said his idea was "just to take him back to where I started, I went to the DC library and read some early stories, I tried to understand what Kane and Finger wanted."
O'Neil and Adams first collaborated on the "Secret of the Waiting Tomb" at Detective Comics (January 1970). Some of the stories are the real collaboration between O'Neil, Adams, Schwartz, and Dick Giordano, and in fact these people were mixed and matched with various other creators during the 1970s; even though the influence of their work is "extraordinary". Giordano said: "We are returning to a darker and darker Batman, and I think that's why these stories go so well..." While O'Neil and Adams's work is very popular with fans, the compliment does not increase much declining sales. ; The same is true in the same way recognized by writer Steve Englehart and pencil Marshall Rogers at Detective Comics # 471-476 (August 1977 - April 1978), which subsequently influenced the 1989 film Batman and adapted for Batman: The Animated Series, which debuted in 1992. Regardless, circulation continued to decline during the 1970s and 1980s, reaching an all-time low on year 1985.
Modern Times
Dark Knight Restore
The Frank Miller series The Dark Knight Returns (February-June 1986) restores the character to its darker roots, both in an atmosphere and in a tone. The comic book, which tells the story of a 55-year-old Batman coming out of his possible future retirement, aroused interest in the character. The Dark Knight Returns is a financial success and has since become one of the most famous touchstone in the media. The series also sparked a major revival in character popularity.
That year Dennis O'Neil took over as editor of the Batman titles and set the template for Batman's portrayal following the miniseries status that changed the status of DC Crisis on Infinite Earths . O'Neil operates under the assumption that he was employed to change his character and as a result tried to inculcate a different tone in the books than ever before. One of the outcomes of this new approach is the "First Year" storyline in Batman's <401-407 (February-May 1987), in which Frank Miller and artist David Mazzucchelli redefine the character's origin. Author Alan Moore and artist Brian Bolland continue this dark trend with a one-shot one-one 1988-yard Batman: The Killing Joke, where the Joker, trying to push Gordon's crazy commissioner, paralyzes Gordon Barbara's daughter, and then kidnap and torture the commissioner, physically and psychologically.
Batman's comics garnered great attention in 1988 when DC Comics created a 900 number for readers to call to choose whether Jason Todd, the second Robin, live or die. Voters decided to support Jason's death by a narrow margin of 28 votes (see Batman: A Death in the Family).
"Knightfall"
The 1993 "Knightfall" arc story introduces a new villain, Bane, who critically injures Batman after pushing him to the limit of his endurance. Jean-Paul Valley, known as Azrael, was called to wear the Batsuit during the restoration of Bruce Wayne. Writers Doug Moench, Chuck Dixon, and Alan Grant worked on Batman's titles during "Knightfall", and will also contribute to other Batman crossovers throughout the 1990s. The 1998 "Disaster" storyline serves as a precursor to 1999's "No Man's Land", a year-round storyline that crosses all Batman related titles that deal with the devastated effects of Gotham City. At the end of "No Man's Land", O'Neil resigned as editor and was replaced by Bob Schreck.
Another writer who became famous in the Batman series comic, is Jeph Loeb. Together with old collaborator Tim Sale, they wrote two miniseries ("The Long Halloween" and "Dark Victory") that pitted early in his Batman career versus his entire thieves gallery (including Two-Face, which Loeb originally envisaged) when faced with various mysteries involving the serial killers Holiday and the Hangman. In 2003, Loeb teamed up with artist Jim Lee to work on another mystery bow: "Batman: Hush" for Batman's main book. The 12-issue story has Batman and Catwoman working together against all the rogue galleries of Batman, including the resurrected Jason Todd, while looking to discover the mysterious supervillain identity of Hush. While the Hush characters fail to get along with the readers, the bow is a successful sale for DC. This series became # 1 on the sales chart of Diamond Comic Distributors for the first time since Batman # 500 (October 1993) and Todd's performances became the foundation for later writer Judd Winick as writer at Batman, with a multi- the other, "Under the Hood", which ran from Batman # 637-650 (April 2005 - April 2006).
Batman All-Star and Robin
In 2005, DC launched All-Star Batman and Robin , a comic series that stands alone outside the sustainability of DC Universe. Written by Frank Miller and drawn by Jim Lee, the series is commercially successful for DC Comics, although it is widely reviewed by critics for its writing and powerful violent depictions.
Beginning in 2006, Grant Morrison and Paul Dini are regular authors of Batman and Detective Comics, with Morrison recombining the controversial elements of Batman's knowledge. The most prominent of these elements is the science-fiction theme plot of the 1950s Batman comic, which Morrison revised as a hallucination experienced by Batman under the influence of various mind-centered gas and extensive sensory deprivation training. Run Morrison climaxes with "Batman R.I.P.", which brings Batman against the evil organization "Black Glove", which seeks to push Batman into insanity. "Batman R.I.P." be likened to Final Crisis (also written by Morrison), who sees Batman's real death at the hands of Darkseid. In the 2009 miniseries Batman: Battle for Cowl, former protà © © Wayne Grayson became the new Batman, and Wayne's son, Damian, became the new Robin. In June 2009, Judd Winick again wrote Batman , while Grant Morrison was given his own series, titled Batman and Robin .
In 2010, the storyline Batman: The Return of Bruce Wayne sees Bruce's journey through history, finally back to the present day. Although he reclaimed Batman's mantle, he also let Grayson continue to be Batman as well. Bruce decides to take the cause of his crime in the world, which is the main focus of Batman Incorporated . DC Comics will then announce that Grayson will be the main character in Batman , Detective Comics , and Batman and Robin , while Wayne will be the main one. characters in Batman Incorporated . Also, Bruce appears in another ongoing series, Batman: The Dark Knight .
What's New 52
In September 2011, the entire Comic DC superhero comics series, including the Batman franchise, was canceled and relaunched with the new # 1 issue as part of 52 new reboots. Bruce Wayne is the only character to be identified as Batman and featured in Batman Detective Comics , Batman and Robin , and Batman : The Dark Knight . Dick Grayson returns to Nightwing's mantle and appears in an ongoing series. Although many characters have historically changed significantly to attract new readers, Batman's history remains intact. Batman Incorporated re-launched in 2012-2013 to complete the "Leviathan" storyline.
With the beginning of the New 52, ​​Scott Snyder is the author of the title Batman . The first major bow is "Night of the Owls", where Batman faces the Court of Owls, a secret society that has controlled Gotham for centuries. The second story arc is "Death of the Family", in which the Joker returns to Gotham and simultaneously attacks every member of the Batman family. The third story arc is "Batman: Zero Year", which redefines Batman's origin in The New 52. It follows Batman # 0, published in June 2012, which explores the character of the beginning of the year. The final plot before the "Convergence" (2015) storyline is "Endgame", which describes the final battle between Batman and Joker as he releases the deadly Endgame virus into Gotham City. The storyline ends with the deaths of Batman and Joker.
Starting with Batman vol. 2, # 41, Commissioner James Gordon takes over the coat of Bruce as a new robot, endorsed by the state, robot-Batman, debuting in Comic Comics Comic Day Comics Divergence. However, Bruce Wayne is immediately revealed to be alive, though now almost total amnesia of his life as Batman and only remembers his life as Bruce Wayne through what he has learned from Alfred. Bruce Wayne finds happiness and proposes to his girlfriend, Julie Madison, but Mr. Bloom injures Jim Gordon and takes control of Gotham City and threatens to destroy the city by energizing the particle reactor to create "strange stars" to swallow the city. Bruce Wayne discovers the truth that he is Batman and after talking to a smiling stranger (it is so implied that this is a Joker amnesia) he forces Alfred to inculcate his memory as Batman, but at the expense of his memory as Bruce Wayne reborn. He returned and helped Jim Gordon defeat Mr. Bloom and turn off the reactor. Gordon got his job back as a commissioner, and the Batman government project was turned off.
Pada tahun 2015, DC Comics merilis The Dark Knight III: The Master Race , sekuel dari Frank Miller The Dark Knight Returns dan The Dark Knight Strikes Again .
DC Universe
In June 2016, DC Rebirth's show relaunched the entire DC Comics comic book series. Batman was rebooted as starting with a one-shot issue titled Batman: Rebirth # 1 (August 2016). The series is then started shipping twice every month as the third volume, starting with Batman vol. 3, # 1 (August 2016). The third volume Batman was written by Tom King, and artwork was provided by David Finch and Mikel JanÃÆ'n. The Batman series introduced two vigilantes, Gotham and Gotham Girl. Detective Comics continues its original numbering system starting with June 2016 # 934, and the New 52 series is labeled as volume 2 with the numbering problem of # 1-52. Similarly with the title Batman , 52 new problems are labeled as volume 2 and include problems # 1-52. Author James Tynion IV and artists Eddy Barrows and Alvaro Martinez worked on Detective Comics # 934, and the series initially featured teams consisting of Drake Team, Stephanie Brown, Cassandra Cain, and Clayface, led by Batman and Batwoman.
DC Comics ended Rebirth's branding in December 2017, opting to include everything under the bigger banner and naming "DC Universe". The continuity set by Rebirth continues throughout the DC comic book title, including the volume of one of Detective Comics and the third volume Batman .
Maps Batman
Characterization
Bruce Wayne
Batman's secret identity was Bruce Wayne, a wealthy American industrialist. As a child, Bruce witnessed the murder of his parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne, who ultimately led him to create Batman's persona and seek justice against the criminals. She lives on the outskirts of Gotham City in her private residence, Wayne Manor. Wayne avoids suspicion by acting as part of a superficial playboy that lives out of his family's wealth and the benefits of Wayne Enterprises, his heritage conglomerate. He supports philanthropic causes through the non-profit Wayne Foundation, but is more commonly known as a celebrity socialite. In public, he often appears in high-status women companies, which encourage tabloid gossip. Although Bruce Wayne lives an active romantic life, vigilante activities are a Batman account for most of his time.
Modern stories have depicted Bruce Wayne's extraordinary and luxurious image as a facade. This is in contrast to Superman post-Crisis, whose personality Clark Kent is the true identity, while the Superman persona is a facade. In Batman Unmasked, a television documentary about character psychology, behavioral scientist Benjamin Karney notes that Batman's personality is driven by humans attached to Bruce Wayne; that "Batman, for all the benefits and for all the time that Bruce Wayne poured for it, ultimately is a tool for Bruce Wayne's efforts to make the world a better one".
The authors of the Batman and Superman stories often compare and contrast both. Interpretations vary depending on the author, the story, and the time. Grant Morrison notes that these two heroes "believe in the same thing" even though day/night contrast their heroic roles. He notes a completely different contrast in their original identity. Bruce Wayne and Clark Kent belong to different social classes: "Bruce has a butler, Clark has a boss." T. James Musler's book Unleashing the Superhero in Us All explores the extent to which Bruce Wayne's immense personal wealth is important in his life story, and the important role he plays in his efforts as Batman.
Will Brooker noted in his Batman Unmasked that Batman's confirmation of identity lies in young audiences... he does not have to be Bruce Wayne; he just needs suits and gadgets, abilities, and most importantly morality, humanity. There is only a taste about him: 'they believe him... and they are never wrong.'
Personality
The main character of the Batman character can be summarized as "wealth, physical prowess, deductive ability and obsession" . Comic comic details and tones vary from year to year because of different creative teams. Dennis O'Neil notes that characteristic consistency was not a major concern during the initial editorial regime: "Julie Schwartz did Batman on Batman and Detective and Murray Boltinoff did Batman at and Courage and apart from their costumes very little like each other, Julie and Murray do not want to coordinate their efforts, or they are asked to do it.Sustainability is not important to them.
The driving force behind Bruce Wayne's character is the killing of his parents and their absence. Bob Kane and Bill Finger discuss Batman's background and decide that "nothing is more traumatic than killing your parents in front of your eyes". Despite his trauma, he decides to learn to be a scientist and train his body into physical perfection to fight evil in Gotham City as Batman, an idea inspired by Wayne's insight into criminal minds.
Another Batman characteristic is the vigilante character; to stop the crime that begins with the death of his parents, he sometimes has to break the law itself. Although manifested differently by being told by different artists, it remains that the details and main components of Batman's origin never vary at all in comic books, "repetition of basic origin events holds together different opposite expressions". Origin is the source of character traits and attributes, which play in many character adventures.
Batman is often treated as a vigilante by other characters in his stories. Frank Miller views the character as "a dionysian character, a force for anarchy that imposes an individual order". Dressed as a bat, Batman deliberately cultivates a frightening personality to help him in the fight against evil, a fear that comes from the evil conscience's own conscience. Miller is often credited with reintroducing anti-heroic traits into Batman's characterization, such as his somber personality, a willingness to use violence and torture, and an increasingly alienated behavior. Batman's original character changed in the 1950s when the current comic-book code was in effect, and DC editor Whitney Ellsworth reinvented Batman as having a strict moral code that never allowed him to kill. Batman Miller is closer to the original Golden Age version, willing to kill criminals if necessary.
More
On several occasions, former Robin Dick Grayson has served as Batman; especially in 2009 while Wayne is believed dead, and served as second Batman even after Wayne back in 2010. As part of the continuation of DC sustainability in 2011, Grayson returned to Nightwing following the Flashpoint crossover event .
In an interview with IGN, Morrison explains that having Dick Grayson as Batman and Damian Wayne as Robin represents the "opposite" of the normal dynamics between Batman and Robin, with, "lighter and spontaneous and sullen Batman, Robin badass". Morrison explains his intention to Batman's new characterization: "Dick Grayson is the perfect type of superhero.He has been a Batman partner since he was a kid, he leads Teen Titans, and he trained with everyone in the DC Universe So he is a very Batman type He's a lot easier, he's looser and more relaxed. "
Over the years, there are many others who consider the name Batman, or officially take over for Bruce as long as the leaves are not there. Jean Paul Valley, also known as Azrael, is assumed to be cowl after the events of the Knightfall saga. James Gordon wore a mech suit after Batman: Endgame , and served as Batman in 2015 and 2016.
In addition, members of the Batman group, Incorporated, Bruce Wayne's experiments in his vigilantism brand franchise, sometimes stand in as official Batman in cities around the world. Various other people have also taken the role of Batman in stories set in alternative universes and possible futures, including, among them, various ex-proteges of Bruce Wayne.
Supporting characters
Batman's interaction with both criminals and cohorts, over time, develops a strong supporting character.
Enemy
Batman faces various enemies ranging from ordinary criminals to strange supervillain. Many of them reflect aspects of Batman's character and development, often have tragic tragic stories that lead them to criminal life. These enemies are often referred to as the rogues Batman gallery. "The heaviest enemy" Batman is Joker, a murderous maniac with a clown-like appearance. Joker is considered by critics as his perfect enemy, because he is Batman's antithesis in personality and appearance; Joker has a maniac attitude with a colorful appearance, while Batman has a serious and firm attitude with a dark appearance. As "irrational personification", Joker represents "all Batman [against]". Other recurring enemies that are part of the Batman rogue gallery include Catwoman (antiheroine cat burglar who is sometimes an ally and romantic), Penguin, Ra's al Ghul, Two-Face, Riddler, Scarecrow, Mr. Freeze, Poison Ivy, Harley Quinn, Bane, Clayface, and Killer Croc. Many of Batman's enemies are often psychiatric patients in Arkham Asylum.
Allies
- Alfred
Batman's maid, Alfred Pennyworth, first appeared in Batman # 16 (1943). He serves as Bruce Wayne's faithful father figure and is one of the few people who know his secret identity. Alfred raised Bruce after the death of his parents and knew him on a very personal level. He is sometimes portrayed as a sidekick for Batman and the only resident of Wayne Manor other than Bruce. The character "[lends a simple touch to Batman's environment and is always ready to provide a stable and reassuring hand" to his hero and best friend.
- "Batman Family"
The informal name "Batman family" is used for a group of characters who are closely allied with Batman, generally masked officers who have been trained by Batman or operate in Gotham City with the tacit consent. They include: Barbara Gordon, daughter of Commissioner Gordon, who has fought crime under the identity of vigilante from Batgirl and, during a period in which she was confined to a wheelchair because of a gunshot wound inflicted by Joker, an Oracle computer hacker; Helena Bertinelli, the only surviving member of the mafia family to turn into a vigilante, who has worked with Batman on certain occasions, especially as Huntress and as Batgirl for short assignments; Cassandra Cain, the daughter of professional assassin David Cain, and Lady Siwa, who replaced Bertinelli as Batgirl.
- Civil
Lucius Fox, a technology specialist and business manager Bruce Wayne who is very conscious of his employer's vigilance activities; Dr. Leslie Thompkins, a family friend who likes Alfred to be Bruce Wayne's substitute parent figure after the death of his parents, and also realizes his secret identity; Vicki Vale, an investigative journalist who frequently reports Batman's activities for the Gotham Gazette; Ace the Bat-Hound, a dominant Batman dog partner active in the 1950s and 1960s; and Bat-Mite, an actively dominated extra-dim extreme in the 1960s that idolized Batman.
- GCPD
As Batman's ally in Gotham City police, Commissioner James "Jim" Gordon made his debut along with Batman on Detective Comics and has been a consistent presence ever since. As a man who fights crime, he shares Batman's goals while offering, just like Watson's character in the Sherlock Holmes story, a normal person's perspective on the remarkable work of Batman's genius.
- Justice League
Batman is sometimes a member of a superhero team like the Justice League of America and the Outsiders. Batman is often paired up in adventure with his Justice League teammate, Superman, primarily as co-star of the World's Finest series and Superman/Batman . In the pre-crisis continuity, both are described as close friends; However, in the current continuity, they are still close friends but the relationship is not easy, with an emphasis on their different views on crime and justice. In Superman/Batman # 3 (December 2003), Superman observes, "Sometimes, I admit, I consider Bruce as a man in a costume, then, with some gadgets from his utility belt, he reminds me that he has an extraordinarily inventive mind and how lucky I can call him. "
- Robin
Robin, Batman's vigilante partner, has been a widely acclaimed support character for many years. Bill Finger states that he wants to include Robin because "Batman has no one to talk to, and it's a bit tiring always making him think." The first Robin, Dick Grayson, was introduced in 1940. In the 1970s he eventually grew up, went to college and became a Nightwing hero. The second Robin, Jason Todd, appeared in the 1980s. In the stories he was eventually beaten and then killed in an explosion made by the Joker, but later revived. He uses the old Joker persona, Red Hood, and becomes a vigilante antihero without hesitation using firearms or lethal force. Carrie Kelly, the first Robin woman to appear in the Batman story, was the last Robin in the continuity of Frank Miller's graphic novel The Dark Knight Returns and The Dark Knight Strikes Again, fought with Batman. is old in the story that departs from the mainstream continuity.
The third Robin in the mainstream comic is Tim Drake, who first appeared in 1989. He later starred in his own comic strip, and is currently running by Red Robin, a variation on Robin's traditional persona. In the first decade of the new millennium, Stephanie Brown served as the in-universe universe of Robin between runs as the artificial vocal identity of The Spoiler, and later as Batgirl. After Stephanie Brown's death, Drake continues Robin's role for a while. The role was eventually passed on to Damian Wayne, the ten-year-old son of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, in the late 2000s. The Damian Period as Robin's du jour ended when the character was killed on Batman Incorporated pages in 2013. The next young Batman sidekick is Harper Row, a young street woman who avoids the name Robin but following a fixed ornithological theme; he debuted codename and Bluebird identities in 2014. Unlike Robins, Bluebird is willing and allowed to use weapons, though not deadly; The weapon of choice is a modification rifle that fires a Taser rifle. In 2015, a new series begins titled We Are Robin, which focuses on a group of teenagers who use Robin's persona to fight crime in Gotham City.
- The Wayne Family
Helena Wayne is the biological daughter of Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle from an alternative universe founded in the early 1960s (Multiverse) where the Golden Age story takes place.
Damian Wayne is the biological son of Bruce Wayne and Talia al Ghul, and thus the grandson of Ra's al Ghul.
Terry McGinnis is Bruce Wayne's biological son in the DC animation world, and has taken over the role of Batman when Bruce becomes too old to do so.
Romantic interests
The author has varied in approach over the years to the "playboy" aspect of Bruce Wayne's persona. Some authors show their playboy reputation as an illusion produced to support his mission as Batman, while others have described Bruce Wayne as truly enjoying the benefits of being "the most worthy Gotham bachelor". Bruce Wayne has been described as a romantic relationship with many women throughout his incarnation. The most significant relationship occurred with Selina Kyle, who was also Catwoman and Talia al Ghul, as both women gave birth to their biological offspring, Helena Wayne and Damian Wayne, respectively.
Batman's first romantic interest was Julie Madison at Detective Comics (Sept. 1939), but their romance was short-lived. Some of Batman's romantic interests are women with respected status in society, such as Julie Madison, Vicki Vale, and Silver St. Cloud. Batman is also romantically involved with allies, such as Kathy Kane (Batwoman), Sasha Bordeaux, and Wonder Woman, and with criminals, such as Selina Kyle (Catwoman), Jezebel Jet, Pamela Isley (Poison Ivy), and Talia al Ghul.
- Catwoman
While most of Batman's romantic relationships tend to be short in duration, Catwoman has the most enduring romance throughout the year. The attraction between Batman and Catwoman, whose real name is Selina Kyle, is present in almost every version and media in which characters appear. Although Catwoman is usually described as a villain, Batman and Catwoman have worked together on achieving common goals and are usually described as having a romantic relationship.
In the early 1980s storyline, Selina Kyle and Bruce Wayne developed a relationship, in which the closing panel of the last story shows him referring to Batman as "Bruce". However, changes in the editorial team bring a quick end to the storyline and, apparently, everything that happens during the story continues. From costume, Bruce and Selina developed a romantic relationship during The Long Halloween . This story shows Selina saving Bruce from Poison Ivy. However, the relationship ended when Bruce rejected the increase twice; once as Bruce and simultaneously as Batman. In Batman: Dark Victory, he stood on her in two days off, causing her to leave her for good and leave Gotham City for a while. When the two met in an opera several years later, during the twelve story arc events called "Hush", Bruce commented that the two would no longer have a relationship like Bruce and Selina. However, "Hush" sees Batman and Catwoman allied against the entire gangs of robbers and revives their romantic relationship. In "Hush", Batman reveals his true identity to Catwoman.
The Earth-Two Batman, a character from a parallel world, partnered up with and married Reformed Earth-Two Kina Reina, as shown at Superman Family # 211. They had a daughter named Helena Wayne, who became Huntress. With Dick Grayson, Earth-Two Robin, Huntress took on the role of protector of Gotham once Bruce Wayne retired to become a police commissioner, a position he occupied until he was killed in one final adventure as Batman.
Batman and Catwoman are shown to have a sexual encounter on the roof of the building at Catwoman vol. 4, # 1 (2011); the same problem implies that both have ongoing sexual relations. After the reboot of DC Rebirth 2016 continuity, the two once again held a sexual encounter on the building at Batman vol. 3, # 14 (2017).
After the reboot of DC Rebirth 2016 continuity, Batman and Catwoman work together in third volume Batman . Both also have a romantic relationship, where they are shown to have a sexual encounter on the roof and sleep together. Bruce proposes to Selina in Batman vol. 3, # 24 (2017), and in issue # 32, Selina asks Bruce to propose again. When he did, he said, "Yes."
Batman's Annual Album . 3, # 2 (January 2018) centered on the romantic storyline between Batman and Catwoman. Toward the end, the story is forwarded to the future, where Bruce Wayne and Selina Kyle are married couples in their golden year. Bruce received a terminal medical diagnosis, and Selina took care of him until his death.
Ability
Skills and training
Batman has no inherent superpower; he relies on his "own scientific knowledge, detective skills, and athletic skills". Batman's inexhaustible wealth gave him access to advanced technology, and as an adept scientist he was able to use and modify this technology for his benefit. In the story, Batman is considered one of the world's greatest detectives, if not the world's biggest crime breaker. Batman has been repeatedly portrayed as having a genius-level intelligence, being one of the greatest martial artists in the DC Universe, and possessing the peak physical physical conditioning. As a polymath, his knowledge and expertise in countless disciplines is almost unmatched by any other character in the DC Universe. He has traveled the world acquiring the skills needed to assist him in his efforts as Batman. In Superman's storyline: Superman: Doomed , Superman considers Batman to be one of the most brilliant thinkers on the planet.
Batman has practiced extensively in various martial arts, mastered various types, making him one of the best hand-to-hand fighters in the DC Universe. Superman described Batman as "the most dangerous man on Earth", capable of defeating a whole team of super-powerful extraterrestrials to rescue his imprisoned colleague at Grant Morrison's storyline at JLA.
Batman has the ability to function under severe physical pain and to resist telepathy and mind control. He is an undercover, multilingual, and expert in espionage, often collecting information under the identity of a famous gangster named Matches Malone. Batman is highly skilled in both stealth and runaway movements, allowing him to appear and disappear at will and free himself from the almost inevitable death trap with little or no harm.
Batman is an expert in interrogation techniques and his intimidating and frightening appearance is often required to obtain information from suspects. Despite having the potential to hurt his enemies, Batman's most decisive feature is his strong commitment to justice and his reluctance to take life. This tireless, moral resilience earned him the appreciation of some of the heroes of the DC Universe, especially Superman and Wonder Woman.
Among other physical and crime-related training, he is also proficient in other types of skills. Some of these include being licensed pilots (to operate the Batplane), as well as being able to operate other types of machines. In several publications, he underwent several magicians training.
Technology
Batman uses a large specialized warehouse, high-tech vehicles and gadgets in a war against crime, a design that usually shares a bat's motive. The Batman historian Les Daniels praised Gardner Fox for creating the Batman arsenal concept with the introduction of the utility belt at Detective Comics # 29 (July 1939) and the first bat-eared batarang weapons and "Batgyro" in Detective Comics # 31 and # 32 (Sept., Oct. 1939).
- Personal armor
Batman's armored body costumes combine the image of a bat to frighten criminals. The details of Batman's costumes change repeatedly through decades, stories, media, and artist interpretations, but the most distinctive elements remain consistent: the edges of the shells; a cover that covers most of the face; a pair of bat ears; symbol of bats in chest; and the ever-present utility belt. Fingers and Kane originally conceptualized Batman as having a black and cowl cloak and a gray suit, but the convention in coloring called for black to be highlighted in blue. Therefore, the color of the costumes has appeared in the comics as dark blue and gray; as well as black and gray. In the movie Tim Burton Batman and Batman Returns Batman has been described as completely black with a bat in the middle surrounded by a yellow background. Christopher Nolan's The Dark Knight Trilogy describes Batman wearing high-tech equipment painted completely black with black bats in the middle. Batman Ben Affleck in DC Extended Universe films wearing a gray suit with cowl, cape, and black bat.
Batmanit Batman helps in the battle against the enemy, possessing the properties of Kevlar and Nomex. It protects him from gunfire and other significant impacts. The gloves usually feature three scallops that protrude from long cuffs, such as gloves, although in its earliest appearance she wears short and uncooperative gloves. The overall look of the characters, especially the length of the cowl ear and the cloak, varies greatly depending on the artist. Dennis O'Neil said, "We now say that Batman has two hundred clothes hanging in Batcave so they do not have to look the same... Everyone likes to draw Batman, and everyone wants to put their own spin on it."
- Batmobile
Batman's main vehicle is the Batmobile, which is usually described as an impressive black car, often with tailfins that show the wings of bats. Batman also has a plane called Batplane (later called "Batwing"), along with various other means of transportation. In proper practice, the prefix "bat" (as in Batmobile or Batarang) is rarely used by Batman himself when referring to his equipment, especially after some depictions (especially the 1960s Batman-and-life TV show) animated Super Friends ) extends the practice to the proportion of campy. For example, the 1960s television show depicts Batboat, Bat-Sub, and Batcycle, among other bat-themed vehicles. Batman's 1960s television series has an arsenal that includes the name "bat-" as bat-computer, bat-scanner, bat-radar, bat-cuff, bat-ponton, bat water dispenser, polarized polarized polarization camera. -filter, bat-batter-spray, and bat-rope. The storyline "A Death in the Family" shows that given Batman's bleak nature, he is unlikely to adopt the "bat" prefix himself. In Dark Knight Returns, Batman tells Carrie Kelley that the real Robin came up with the name "Batmobile" when he was young, because that's what the Batman kids will call. The Batmobile was redesigned in 2011 when DC Comics relaunched its entire comic book range, with batmobiles given heavier armor and new aesthetics.
- Utility belt
Batman keeps most of his field equipment in his electric belt. Over the years has been shown to contain a variety of tools, weapons, and investigative and technological instruments that combat crime. Different belt versions have these items stored in compartments, often as hard pockets or cylinders mounted evenly around them. Batman is often depicted as carrying a projectile that fired a grappling grip attached to a cable. This allows him to stick to a distant object, pushed into the air, and thus swinging from the roof of Gotham City. Exceptions to Batman's various equipment were weapons, which he refused to use in principle, because the gun was used in the murder of his parents.
- Bat-Signal
When Batman is needed, Gotham City police activate the spotlight with a bat-shaped symbol above the lens called Bat-Signal, which shines into the night sky, creating a bat symbol in a passing cloud that can be seen from any point. in Gotham. The origin of the signal varies, depending on the continuity and medium.
In various incarnations, especially in the 1960s Batman TV series, Commissioner Gordon also had a dedicated phone line, dubbed Bat-Phone, connected to a bright red phone (in the TV series) sitting on a wooden base and has a transparent top. The line connects directly to Batman's residence, Wayne Manor, in particular to a similar phone on the desk in Bruce Wayne's study and an additional phone in Batcave.
- Batcave
Batcave is Batman's secret base, which consists of a series of underground caves beneath his house, Wayne Manor. As a command center, Batcave serves various purposes, such as surveillance, and houses the vehicles and equipment Batman uses in its campaign to combat crime. It is also Batman's unique storage memorabilia that has been collected over the years from various cases he has dealt with. In both Batman: Batman: Shadow of the Bat 45 and the 2005 Batman Begins movies, the cave is said to have been part of the Underground Railroad.
Fictional character biography
History Batman has undergone many revisions of retroactive continuity, both minor and major. The elements of the character's history vary greatly. Scientists William Uricchio and Roberta E. Pearson noted in the early 1990s, "Unlike some fictitious characters, Batman has no primary set of urtext in a given period, but has existed in a large number of texts that have been equally valid for more than five decades. "
20th century
Origin
The event remains central in the Batman story is the story of the origin of the character. As a young boy, Bruce Wayne was horrified and traumatized when he witnessed his parents, Dr. Thomas Wayne and his wife Martha, were killed by guns by a robber named Joe Chill. Batman refuses to use any weapon with the principle that a gun is used to kill his parents. This incident prompted him to train his body to its peak condition and fight evil in Gotham City as Batman. Pearson and Uricchio also noted beyond the stories of origin and events such as the introduction of Robin, "Until now, fixed and accrualed and hence, canonized, events have little in number", a situation altered by an escalating effort by later Batman editors such as Dennis O 'Neil to ensure consistency and continuity between stories.
Golden Age
In Batman's first appearance on Detective Comics # 27, he was already operating as a crime fighter. The origin of Batman was first presented at Detective Comics # 33 (November 1939) and later expanded at Batman # 47. Like these comic states, Bruce Wayne was born of Dr. Thomas Wayne and his wife Martha, two very wealthy and generous Gotham City socialists. Bruce grew up in Wayne Manor, and led a happy and special existence until the age of eight, when his parents were killed by a small villain named Joe Chill on his way home from the cinema. That night, Bruce Wayne vowed to spend his life fighting evil. He is engaged in intensive intellectual and physical training; However, he realized that this skill alone would not be enough. "Criminals are cowardly superstars," Wayne said, "so my disguise should be able to attack terror into their hearts I must be a night, black, horrible creature..." As if responding to his desire, bats suddenly flew through the windows, inspiring Bruce to make Batman persona.
In the early strip, Batman's career as a judge alone angered the police. During this period, Bruce Wayne had a fiancee named Julie Madison. In Detective Comics # 38, Wayne took an orkita circus acrobat, Dick Grayson, who was a vocal partner, Robin. Batman is also a founding member of the Justice Society of America, although he, like Superman, is a member of honor, and thus only participates occasionally. Batman's relationship to the law quickly melted, and he was made an honorary member of the Gotham City police department. During this time, Alfred Pennyworth arrived at Wayne Manor, and after concluding the secret identity of Dynamic Duo, joined their service as butler.
Silver Age
The Silver Age of Comic Books at DC Comics is occasionally held starting in 1956 when the publisher introduced Barry Allen as the new and updated version of Flash. Batman did not change significantly in the late 1950s for continuity which would later be referred to as Earth-
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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